Pegida Archives - Page 8 of 119

Jaar:

2023

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Fleur Valk, Leonie de Jonge, Pieter Nanninga

Beschrijving:

Right-wing extremism
The terrorist threat from right-wing terrorist movements, such as accelerationism, is unchanged. However, the size of the movement has not grown and the very disturbing expressions on the internet have not yet translated into actual attacks in the Netherlands.. It is worrying, however, that several hundred young Dutch people actively spread right-wing terrorist ideas online and worship perpetrators of terrorist attacks.. In addition, there are concerns about further normalization of right-wing extremist ideas in the social and political domain.

(…)

Quran destruction puts the Netherlands on the radar of jihadist organizations
Global jihadist organizations have long regarded the Netherlands as a legitimate target for an attack. As a result of recent Koran destruction in our country (see box Destruction of the Koran in the Netherlands and Sweden) however, the Netherlands has come into the picture even more emphatically. Several pro-ISIS outlets have used social media to call for retaliation against Western countries, including explicitly Sweden and to a lesser extent the Netherlands. At the end of January, a media organization associated with ISKP, the Afghan branch of ISIS, threats uttered against 'infidels' in response to the Koran destruction. The Netherlands was specifically mentioned as a target. In a late February 2023 published video production, the leader of the anti-Islam movement Pegida comes into the picture. A poster was also published in the English-language magazine of ISKP containing the Dutch and Swedish flag and the call to carry out attacks on shops, among other things., police officers and music concerts.
It turned out to be no empty threats. At the beginning of February, twenty people associated with ISKP were arrested in Istanbul for planning attacks on diplomatic posts of Western countries, including the Dutch and Swedish consulate in Istanbul, and on churches and synagogues. Turkish media reported that Turkish intelligence feared that ISKP had ordered its supporters in Turkey to carry out the attacks in retaliation for Quran destruction in Sweden and the Netherlands. Nine Western countries, including the Netherlands, Sweden and the United States, had closed their consulates in Istanbul for some time the week before due to the tensions and increased threat.
Sweden locked up 11 April also removed his embassy in the Pakistani capital Islamabad for security reasons. In Sweden itself, op 4 april 2023 five men arrested on suspicion of preparing a terrorist attack. According to the Swedish security service, the potential attackers have ties to international ISIS networks through groups on Facebook. These groups contained ISIS fighters and collected money for the terrorist organization. Since the Koran burning in January, there are said to be several concrete threats of attack in Sweden. Fearing new terrorist attacks, the Swedish police increased the security of symbolically important objects, among other things. In Sweden, the threat level will remain unchanged for the time being 3 (on a scale of 5).
Jihadist organizations more often explicitly quote countries in their terrorist propaganda. Scientific research shows that this does not always lead to an increase in the number of attacks in those countries. However, the threat of attacks in Istanbul and Sweden, as well as the attacks on the editorial office of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, show that jihadist organizations can be guided by incidents in the West when choosing a target., which they regard as blasphemy.
Terrorist groups also use perceived blasphemy to reinforce their terrorist message and justify the use of violence. In this way they try to inspire radicalized individuals in Europe to commit an attack without having to make active preparations themselves.. Perpetrators of attacks in response to perceived blasphemy are in most cases not affiliated with terrorist groups, but usually claim to act out of personal conviction. Past attacks show that Muslims are of different religious orientation (sunni, Shiite, salafist, Sufi) may be susceptible to calls for retaliation, even if those were done years ago. So stuck in August 2022 a man the British-Indian writer Salman Rushdie several times during a lecture. The perpetrator may have been inspired by the death sentence of Rushdie, the spiritual leader of Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini, in 1989 had pronounced after publication of the work The Satanic Verses. Half april 2023 an Islamic cleric in Pakistan posted a renewed call on social media to kill Geert Wilders. The reason for this was the drawing competition for Mohammedcartoons that Wilders entered 2018 wanted to organize.
In the short term, it carries jihadist propaganda, in which the Netherlands is explicitly mentioned as a country that is guilty of blasphemy, contributes to an increased terrorist threat against our country and our interests abroad. The threat against Dutch targets in countries where cells affiliated with ISIS are already active, is larger than in the Netherlands itself.

KADER – Koran destruction in the Netherlands and Sweden
Op 22 January, the leader of the anti-Islam movement Pegida tore up a Quran during a demonstration in front of the temporary House of Representatives in The Hague. Op 12 February he did the same during a demonstration in Utrecht, op 22 March in Leiden and op 15 April in front of the town hall in Amsterdam. In Sweden, a Danish anti-Islam activist burned to death 21 January 2023 a Quran for the Turkish embassy. In april 2022 he already burned several Korans during a controversial tour of Sweden, which led to violent disturbances in several cities.
In several Islamic countries, the destruction of the Koran has led to angry reactions and demonstrations against Sweden and the Netherlands, among others. Anger about perceived sacrilege or blasphemy is often vented in the Netherlands within the framework of the democratic constitutional state, such as through demonstrations or petitions. In Amsterdam, the DENK party chairman asked the mayor to ban any future Koran tearing in the city. The national chapter called for a national ban on tearing up holy books.
In the past, however, extremist Muslims in Western countries have also carried out attacks in response to blasphemy, such as the attack on the editorial office of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo (2015). The most famous example in our country is the murder of Theo van Gogh in 2004 by a member of the jihadist network the Hofstad group.

(…)

Right-wing extremist threat

The right-wing extremist threat, including right-wing terrorism, has become more diffuse and unpredictable in recent years. This applies to the Netherlands as well as to other Western countries. A minority of right-wing extremists pose a violent threat. Another part is actively working on normalizing their intolerant ideas.

There are currently no concrete indications that people in the Netherlands are preparing an attack
Violent threat from right-wing terrorism remains conceivable
Within the Netherlands, the main right-wing extremist threat of violence comes from online followers of accelerationist and similar right-wing terrorist ideas. Accelerationism is based on the population theory.(1) Supporters want to use terrorist violence to precipitate a race war, with which the current political system can be replaced by a white ethno-state. There are probably a few hundred Dutch-speaking supporters of these ideas. This number does not seem to have increased in the past year, but there is progression within the movement. In addition, more experienced participants in online networks retreat to closed app groups with a select group of acquaintances.
The Dutch right-wing terrorist environment continues to have a low level of organisation. It mainly concerns susceptible boys and men from thirteen to the late twenties, who often have an unstable home situation and sometimes struggle with psychosocial or psychopathological problems. This problem can make it difficult to enter into social contacts in the physical world, leading them to look for digital entitlement. Online they share their own language and iconography, for example through memes (see box Memes as right-wing extremist means of communication).
New members joining online groups take inspiration from decommissioned organizations like Atomwaffen Division or The Base, loose extremist or terrorist text fragments and the actions of previous attackers. Dutch supporters of accelerationism often cut and paste pieces of ideas to put together their personal right-wing terrorist ideology (see box Extremism unpredictable due to 'cut-and-paste ideologies'). Some look for an appropriate ideology to match their lust for violence. Their shifting ideological underpinnings can make it easier to move from one online group to another, or to be a member of several groups at the same time. Because elaborated extremist ideologies are rarely discussed in these online groups, and mainly superficial violent ideas are shared and attackers are honored, these groups may be more accessible to new interested parties.
In the Netherlands, members of this right-wing terrorist online milieu have not committed any terrorist attacks. Also worldwide, the number of attacks from accelerationist corners remains relatively limited for the time being, especially in recent years.

KADER – Memes as right-wing extremist means of communication
Memes are popular within right-wing extremist groups on the internet, because they can spread far-right ideas online in a short time frame in a simple and subtle way to a wider audience, often packaged as a joke. The result of such memes may be that the content is no longer seen as problematic and becomes normalized in public debates. Right-wing extremists and terrorists share memes with a more explicit extremist content in their own online communities, such as their fascination with violence and weapons, and their admiration for right-wing terrorist attackers.

However, more and more radicalized right-wing extremist young people are being arrested in the Netherlands and other European countries, mostly because of (online) incitement or dissemination of terrorist content. When attack plans are nevertheless intercepted, are often still at an early stage. The fact that more and more arrests are being made does not necessarily mean that more right-wing terrorist activities are taking place, but above all that security services have a better view of the existing threat.
The Netherlands has historically seen little right-wing extremist violence (see box Large differences in right-wing extremist violence in Europe), but the Dutch adherents seem to be detached from this non-violent tradition due to their online activities in an international environment. This increases the risk of them resorting to violence. At the same time, the lack of organized right-wing extremist networks, that could facilitate acts of violence, have a dampening effect on the threat of violence. Finally, the young age of the group raises the question of the extent to which they are currently able to plan an attack with some complexity (see box Right-wing extremist violence rarely committed by young people in Europe).

KADER – Major differences in right-wing extremist violence in Europe
Despite the increased attention for right-wing extremism in Europe, since 1990 there is a decrease in violence from that corner, waarbij 2021 was even one of the least violent years – whether or not because of the corona pandemic. There are large differences in right-wing extremist violence in individual European countries. In absolute numbers, most violence takes place in Germany, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Greece and Spain. Relative to the number of inhabitants, most violence takes place in Greece and Germany, while the Scandinavian countries also score high. Historically, the Netherlands has had very little right-wing extremist violence, with only a few known incidents of violence in between 2015 en 2022. Differences also exist in target choices: where violence in Northern Europe is mainly directed against ethnic and religious minorities, in Southern Europe, it is precisely political opponents such as anti-fascists that are attacked.

KADER – Right-wing extremist violence in Europe rarely by young people
Most right-wing extremist violence in Europe is of a different nature than the attacks that accelerationists fantasize about online. Large-scale or prepared attacks such as in Bratislava 2022 remain exceptions. According to the Norwegian scientific research company C-Rex, the 26 far-right attacks in Western Europe with fatalities between 2015 en 2022 only five perpetrators younger than 25 years involved, one of whom was a minor. No fewer than twelve perpetrators were over the age of forty. While young people in particular distribute terrorist content online, the actual attackers in Europe are often much older.
On Friday 23 december 2022 shot a French man from 69 three Kurds dead in Paris. In addition, three people were seriously injured. He declared a "pathological hatred" towards foreigners and held specific grudges against the Kurdish community. In 2021 the same man with a saber also injured several people at a refugee camp. He remains in a psychiatric institution while awaiting trial. French authorities are treating the case as a hate crime and not terrorism.
The attack shows similarities with an attack on a migrant center in Dover, England, op 30 oktober 2022. Two people were slightly injured after a 66-year-old Briton threw several firebombs. The man committed suicide shortly afterwards. This attack also probably involved psychological or psychosocial problems. Although this attack was initially not considered terrorism either, that changed after right-wing extremist messages from the perpetrator were found on social media. Both attacks appear to stem from a link between deep-rooted hatred of foreigners or Muslims and personal resentment and misfortune, negative experiences with the government and sometimes some ideological components.

However, it remains worrying that the right-wing terrorist online environment also has supporters in the Netherlands. The adherents of this idea, both in the Netherlands and abroad, can immerse themselves in rabid content for years, until a casual incident leads them to concrete violence. Due to the international ideological interconnectedness and the online nature, attacks in one country can inspire potential attackers on the other side of the world to commit a similar act. The attacker at an LGBTI bar in Bratislava in early October 2022 was initially inspired by the Christchurch attack 2019 and was killed by a right-wing terrorist attack in Buffalo, USA, in May 2022 prompted to take action. Copying behavior is actively encouraged within the right-wing terrorist online environment. This does not have to take place in the short term: research shows that right-wing terrorist copycats can take plenty of time to plan their attacks. The actual ideological, practical and psychosocial preparation for an attack can take a long time.

Right-wing extremism

The right-wing extremist landscape in the Netherlands
The alt-right movement, together with the accelerationists, form the so-called 'new generation' of right-wing extremists. In contrast to classic right-wing extremists such as neo-Nazis, supporters of this generation do not wear visible right-wing extremist symbols, clothes or hairstyles. As a result, they are much less immediately recognizable as such in public life. The alt-right movement in the Netherlands used to consist of relatively young, highly educated men. Due to, among other things, the normalization of ideas and the disappearance of groups such as Erkenbrand, this composition has changed to a more diverse group in terms of age and education level.
The new generation of right-wing extremists strives, as stated in the previous paragraph, a white ethnostate and fears the 'repopulation' of the Netherlands (and other Western countries). They often blame the changing composition of the population on the government and its institutions that deliberately and with a malicious motive promote migration. In addition, they also hold feminists and the LGBTI community responsible, because they would hinder the reproduction of the white race. Alt-right supporters currently view the use of violence to spark a race war in the short term as counterproductive to the growth of the movement. The alt-right movement mainly tries to influence public opinion and the prevailing attitudes in a country, whether or not through participation in the democratic system. By always looking for the edge of the permissible and shocking, they ensure that extremist ideas continue to normalize. The line between accelerationism and the alt-right movement is quite diffuse, especially online. Within the alt-right movement, the notion is that violence in self-defense may be unavoidable.
Due to cultural and ideological differences, but also through mutual social conflicts, the right-wing extremist landscape in the Netherlands remains fragmented. Groups often manage to pull together, with the population theory as a connecting factor.

Normalization of right-wing extremist ideas
In the past six months, it has become increasingly common to propagate right-wing extremist ideas. It openly and (virtually) uncritical discussion of xenophobic and partly racist ideas is visible on social media, but also in the political discourse, the public broadcasting system and daily life.
The projected texts on the Erasmus Bridge during the turn of the year are illustrative of the aim to normalize the right-wing extremist movement (see box Extremist laser projections in the Netherlands). By mixing activist and right-wing extremist expressions, right-wing extremist ideas are made more accessible to a wide audience. For tactical reasons, right-wing extremists not only name their own 'ethnic superiority', but they mainly emphasize that the Dutch 'cultural identity' is threatened by the arrival of migrants. For example, they point to the disappearance of 'traditions' such as the appearance of Zwarte Piet. By responding to the concerns of a larger part of the population about the loss of traditions, culture and identity, right-wing extremists try to make larger groups sensitive to the population theory.

KADER – Extremist laser projections in the Netherlands
In the Netherlands there have been since December 2022 laser projections with racist and anti-Semitic texts. These right-wing extremist laser actions serve to spread propaganda, attract new members and further normalize the ideas.
In Venlo, for example, texts were projected onto a UWV building and a shop at the end of December. Texts then appeared on the Erasmus Bridge in Rotterdam on New Year's Eve during the countdown that was shown live on TV. The right-wing extremist group that claimed this action, seems to have given the starting signal for this new modus operandi in the Netherlands, also known as projection bombing. Relatively simple and cheap means ensure a wide range, especially when it generates media attention. Both right-wing and left-wing activists abroad, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom, have been using these types of projections for some time. A group of neo-Nazis in the US in particular seems to serve as inspiration for the projections in the Netherlands. Since the turn of the year, laser projections have been taking place in the Netherlands at the municipal office in Alkmaar (18 January), the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam (6 februari), the Hemweg power station and a hotel in Amsterdam (around 14 februari) and the municipal office in Eindhoven (during Carnival 20 februari).
Some of the projections have been claimed by a small but radical network of Nazi sympathizers with close ties to other far-right and right-wing extremist groups. There is no threat of violence from this group, but some group members do participate in Telegram groups where there is speculation about the perpetration of right-wing extremist attacks. Several suspects have been arrested on suspicion of involvement in the projections.

The success of actions by right-wing extremist groups is largely determined by the attention the actions generate. For these groups, any form of publicity is good publicity. But far-reaching provocation can also damage objectives. This is the case when right-wing extremist texts are overly anti-Semitic or racist, or, for example, when choosing locations that are very sensitive, such as the Anne Frank House.

Preparing for a violent confrontation
The alt-right movement challenges the fundamental rights of groups in society and thus undermines the democratic legal order. Where supporters generally try to disguise their more extreme and violent ideas from the wider public, such expressions are shared in increasingly larger online groups. They label violence there as justified under the guise of “self-defense” or “necessary evil”.
Supporters of the alt-right movement are preparing in various ways for what they see as an inevitable violent confrontation with their opponents. Sometimes this seems harmless. In these circles, for example, people practice physical training together or otherwise to purify the body and keep it fit, but also to gain combat skills. It becomes more problematic when trying to obtain weapons. In DTN 56 has already been mentioned the interest of right-wing extremists in 3D-printed weapons. Arrests in February 2023 (see box Extremist laser projections in the Netherlands) a crossbow and 3D-printed crossbow parts were seized from two suspects. Right-wing extremists are also interested in membership of shooting clubs. It is also worrying that some of them aspire to a job in the Ministry of Defence.
The MIVD sees since 2020 increased interest among right-wing extremists to work for the armed forces. Right-wing extremism could pose a threat to the deployability of the armed forces and to the democratic legal order.

KADER – Extremism unpredictable due to 'cut-and-paste ideologies'
With anti-institutional extremists, but also among right-wing extremists, defined ideologies are increasingly giving way to individual cut-and-paste ideologies. This occurs when individuals combine loose fragments of different extremist ideologies into their own personal beliefs. These fragments of ideas can complement each other, but can sometimes seem to contradict each other. For example, supporters of conspiracy theories about an evil elite may contain elements of right-wing extremism, incel culture, spiritualism, or mix Christian and cultural traditionalism in their ideology. Global connectivity through social media and other online platforms is a major contributor to these cut-and-paste ideologies: susceptible individuals will always find something that suits them in an almost unlimited supply of extremist ideas. They form their own extremist profile by picking precisely those elements from the ideological offer, that justify their own dissatisfaction. Regardless of their personal cut-and-paste ideologies, anti-institutional extremists do share a number of common elements, such as belief in conspiracy theories and an aversion to the established order.
Unclear, changing and mixed views often go hand in hand with personal grievances, very negative experiences with the government and psychological problems. Such factors may make some individuals more susceptible to extremist ideas. The mixing of bouts of ideology with resentment or personal problems makes it more difficult to recognize extremism as such, and makes the threat more unpredictable.

(1) According to the population theory, certain groups change, often "the Jews" or "the left-wing elite", the population composition of Western countries in a systematic manner, by deliberately replacing white people with people from a different cultural or ethnic background. This far-right conspiracy theory is steeped in anti-Semitism and glorified by right-wing extremist attackers like Tarrant and Breivik.

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Phenomenon analysis Extremism Northern Netherlands

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2022

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The extremist landscape in the Netherlands has developed strongly in recent years. Where in the public image the emphasis has long been on jihadism, other forms of extremism have come to the fore in recent years. Since the outbreak of the corona pandemic in 2019 the increasing hardening and division of the social and political debate are visible. Anti-government sentiments are more explicitly expressed publicly, for example in relation to the corona- and nitrogen policy. Moreover, more people seem to radicalize online under the influence of conspiracy theorists and/or radicals- and far-right groups.

Particulars: Right-wing extremism on page 21 - 23 and further

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Monitor the extreme right in the Netherlands 2020

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2022

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In this monitor report right-wing extremism, attention is paid to the development of the extreme right-wing field in the Netherlands in 2020. This is done in a longitudinal context, whereby we always place the research period within the framework of a longer development. We first pay attention to the definition and demarcation of the term extreme right. We then provide insight into the manifestations and manifestations of the extreme right. Finally, we will discuss various forms of (government)response to the phenomenon.
Open sources have been used for the compilation of this overview, to a large extent primary sources: Publications, websites and other digital media channels of extreme right-wing organizations and their supporters, conversations with (voormalige) right-wing extremists and observations of public activities (demonstraties) of these organizations. The collected data was further analyzed and framed using existing literature on right-wing extremism in the Netherlands and compared and interpreted with insights from other observers of the extreme right field..

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Factsheet right-wing extremists in Dutch municipalities

Update april 2021

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2021

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Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment

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In spring 2021 the active support of the organized extreme right is consistently small and fragmented, the number of actions carried out modest and the threat of violence minimal. Recently, however, there has been a change in the dynamics surrounding the extreme right, the new
poses threats. In addition, in recent years there has been a reduction in
seeing the social and political resistance to the extreme right, extreme right
opinions and organizations.

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Factsheet Online radical and extremist behavior

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2021

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More and more openly
Over the past few decades, it has become radical online- and extreme right-wing landscape has taken off. In addition, racist and dehumanizing statements are no longer only made under a pseudonym in a corner of the internet on a web forum like Stormfront., but increasingly openly shared on social media. This fact sheet has been prepared to gain more insight into this online world and its significance for the offline world. The online world fulfills various functions in this regard: recruiting, generate attention, mobiliseren, spread ideology, finding like-minded people, ideological justification, trolling and doxing, undermining social cohesion and government and entertainment. Although the online range of known physical (offline) radically- and extreme right-wing groups is relatively small and the threat of violence has been low for years, is there a continuation of a previously observed "threatening culture". Racist and dehumanizing messages are not distributed from major channels, but rather shared bottom-up by a network of individual users. These increased racist comments and hate speech contribute to further polarization and undermining of social cohesion, especially when it comes to dehumanization and increasing hostility towards groups with a migrant background. The online landscape is constantly changing. The information in the fact sheet is a snapshot of September 2020. We update this fact sheet periodically.

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STATE OF HATE

FAR-RIGHT EXTREMISM IN EUROPE

Jaar:

2021

Taal:

Engels

Aantal blz:

126

Soort Uitgave:

Nuance door Training & Advice

Beschrijving:

The year 2020 will forever be marred by the global pandemic which spread around the world, locking us in our homes, hiding our faces behind masks and tragically taking hundreds of thousands of lives. As we enter 2021 the death toll continues to rise though the arrival of numerous vaccines has provided a much needed glimmer of hope. However, while a thin shard of light has begun to lift the seemingly unending darkness of last year, the ramifications of the pandemic will continue to be felt for years to come; not least the impending economic crisis set to grip the world economy. Yet, it has by no means been all bad news. In the face of such tragedy we have seen communities come together, neighbours and strangers helping one another and examples of heart-breaking sacrifice, love and hope.

P 99:

Activist far rights group are small, badly organised and infighting. Main typology of action is to try and attract (media) attention by organising provocative actions (tearing pages out the Quran, grilling pig meat in front of a mosque, occupying roof tops of mosques or refugee centers) with small numbers of activists.
Next to activist groups we see online appearance, internationalisation and radicalisation of larger groups of (mainly young, sometimes very young) extreme right activist.

Last, there is the Political party Forum for Democracy (FVD, Democratic Forum) with two members in Parliament. FVD, and more specific party leader Thierry Baudet and his trustees, associate themselves on frequent occasions with right extremist ideology and right extremist people.

Particulars: Situation in the Netherlands described on p 99.

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Better today than tomorrow

Right-wing extremist accelerationist online movements

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2020

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Dth last years zijn there are new forms of the right–extremism to arise. These are mostly
based on existing ideas, but are ohk adapted to developments, fromoals of
emergence of the internet. In the previous publication of NTA ('NTA, De New Generation
the extreme right and its online shadow’) 1 we described how the extreme right via the internet
zijn message spreads and new peoplen at the ideology involved. In this publication
let's zoom in on the most extreme currents of the extreme right: the new generation
rechts–extremists. These hang often accelerationism; the belief that if there is one
fight against enemies, deze better to break out today than tomorrow.
Attacks aim to fuel this struggle.

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Extremely right & extreme left

in the municipalities of Schiedam, Rotterdam, Vlaardingen & Maassluis

Author:

Optikí Gonía

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2020

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Centre for Information and Documentation Israel

Beschrijving:

Thanks to a combination of increasing polarization, new internet possibilities and an ideological renewal of extreme right-wing groups in particular, in recent years there has been a revival of the phenomena of the extreme right and (in the shadow) extreme left observable in Western Europe. In the Netherlands has the refugee crisis (2013-2016) played a big role in this revival. In addition, the Zwarte Pieten discussion, which has been fed very fiercely for a few years now, seized, by both extreme- right than left, to speak of a culture war. The municipalities of Schiedam, Rotterdam, Vlaardingen and Maassluis want an answer to the question in response to these developments: “What are the dangers that arise from political extremist ideas within the region at the moment, and how can the municipalities respond effectively to this?Through qualitative research in the region, combined with the internet- and a literature search conducted in the period April-September 2019 has been performed, this report tries to answer this question.

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Monitor anti-Semitic incidents 2019

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2020

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The Monitor 2019 full 182 antisemitic incidents (exclusively online Semitism). This draws the highest number of incidents since CIDI Monitor Anti-Semitism and far-particularly 35 percent relative to the 135 incidents recorded 2018. The number of incidents is even higher than the peak year 2014 (171 incidents). When is a link with the war between Israel in Gaza; this was not the case in 2019.

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EUROPEAN UNION TERRORISM SITUATION AND TREND REPORT 2019

Author:

Europol

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2019

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Engels

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In 2018, terrorism continued to constitute a major threat to security in EU Member States. Horrific
attacks perpetrated by jihadists like those in Trèbes, Paris, Liège and Strasbourg killed a total of
thirteen people and injured many more. In addition, one terrorist attack by a right-wing extremist in Italy and numerous arrests of suspected right-wing terrorists for attack-planning across the European Union (EU) indicate that extremists of diverging orientation increasingly consider violence as a justified means of confrontation.

Particulars: Op blz 60 t/m 62 focus Netherlands

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Terrorist Threat Assessment Netherlands 51

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2019

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Nuance door Training & Advice

Beschrijving:

Right-wing extremism
In Dutch society, there are concerns about the threat of right-wing extremism. This arose after the right-terrorist attack in New Zealand (Christchurch) in March 2019 and reinforced by several copy-cat attacks after the United States (Step) a Europe (Oslo, Halle). These concerns are not adequately reflect the real threat. The extreme right scene in the Netherlands is small, fragmented and almost violent. However, there is also risk that the Netherlands receive an extreme right-wing maverick online inspiration or exhibiting violent loner copy-cat behavior in response to such an attack in Christchurch.

right terrorism
A right-terrorist attack is conceivable a loner in Netherlands. This estimate is mainly based on the possibility that a Dutch (internet-) loner radicalized, and proceeds to an extreme right-wing-inspired act of force. Right-wing extremist groups in the Netherlands are marginal and non-violent. Right-terrorist violence in other European countries do not automatically translate into attacks in Netherlands.

Risk copy-cat Christchurch
The perpetrators of El Paso, Oslo is a, most recent, Halle have been inspired greatly by the right-wing terrorist attack Brenton Tarrant in Christchurch. Thus, it is in DTN 50 identified risk of copy-cat behavior as a result of the attacks in New Zealand has become a real risk. Both the bomber of El Paso (20 kill) as had Oslo, like Tarrant, the attacks announced an international Internet forum. And they used the popular omvolkingstheorie 'in right-extremist circles to support their right-wing terrorist attacks. The central thesis of the 'omvolkingstheorie "that is going on a major demographic replace European' tribal peoples' in the Western world by the increase in the number of migrants caused by a deliberate migration of the political elite. What is striking is that the manifests of Christchurch and El Paso apart from traditional right-wing themes also include elements commonly as 'left' seen, as criticism of the international business and attention to ecology; This latter issue is, moreover, an element in the extreme right-wing ideas. Dutch also active on Internet forums like 4Chan, 8and which can EndChan, besides many other content, plenty of right-wing content is shared. In the Netherlands there are signals radicalising people with right-wing orientation. It can also not be excluded that loss Dutch loner whether radicalized over the internet and proceeds to a terrorist act.

Threat of right-wing extremism in Europe
found in recent DTN period abroad several serious acts of violence rather than a right-wing extremist motive: a political assassination with a right-wing extremist motive in Kassel (Duitsland), an attack with a right-wing extremist motive in El Paso (United States), a failed attempt by a right-wing extremist terrorist in Oslo (Norway) and an unsuccessful attempt on a synagogue and two killing by an extreme right-wing terrorist in Halle (Duitsland). The attacks abroad should initially mainly be seen in local and national context. In recent years, the European Union and the United States are seeing an increase in right-wing violence. The threat of violent right-wing extremism in Europe in general can however be assessed as low. Because there have already occurred several right-wing terrorist attacks by individuals who have been inspired by the bomber in Christchurch, are pamphlet or similar (online) ideas, it is conceivable that the future can be made more copy-cat attacks.(…)
Right-wing extremism
The Dutch right-wing offline scene is characterized by fragmentation, weak leadership, personal animosity and lack of a consistent organization. Extreme right and extreme right-wing organizations in the Netherlands have together several hundred members. The Dutch right-wing extremist scene is whatever nonviolent. The scene has various ideological directions: including neo-Nazism, counter-jihad movement and 'identitarian' movement. The scene is under increasing influence of alt-right and its white identity politics. Although the right-wing extremist scene is fragmented, are there links between members and organizations.
Right-wing extremism online
During the massive influx of refugees in Europe 2015 en 2016 there is in the Netherlands has been a huge increase in right-wing extremist content online. This increase was especially visible in the social media pages of some extreme right-wing and extreme right-wing pressure groups, as Pegida, Identitair Resistance, NVU, Erkenbrand and Outpost, which are mainly engaged in major platforms like Facebook, Twitter YouTube. The growth of right-wing extremist content on the web pages of these action groups are then in the years virtually stagnated, like the momentary boost of online supporters (followers) these action groups.
Dutch right-wing extremists are now even more out of the extreme right and extreme right-wing activist groups to internationally active online and searching for the right-wing extremist content. They are active in alternative social media platforms as a backup, passing place or in addition to the large more common platforms. alternative forums, platforms en chatapps als 4chan, 8when (formerly 8chan), Endchan, diverse gamefora, Gave (instead of Twitter), Minds one VKontakte (instead of Facebook), Telegram (instead of Whatsapp) en Bitchute (instead of YouTube) are less restrictive in their policies towards extremist or violent content than Facebook, Twitter and Google. However, Also these alternative platforms are under increasing societal and political pressures to the right-wing content to remove. Because of a maximum online reach remain most Dutch extreme right and extreme right-wing activist groups also active on the major platforms Facebook, YouTube, Email an Instagram.
Under the influence of social media reaches the right-extremist ideas online international community. Right-wing extremists from all main Western countries are in contact with each international web forums or chat apps, such as the above-mentioned 4chan, 8when, Endchan in Telegram. Such platforms have since the attacks in Christchurch much attention in the media and governments. The perpetrator made use of these forums, inter alia, to publish his manifesto so that as many people with similar ideas could read this. At these forums is a discourse in which violence is encouraged and glorified, and a fascination emerges for games and weapons. There are often also 'memes’ divided: humorous referred messages racism, homo-, women-, Muslim- and promote anti-Semitism. Right-wing terrorists like Breivik and Tarrant, bomber in 2011 die 77 people killed in Norway, are seen as saints and Hitler and Nazi ideology are often taken as an example. This mainly English international platforms can act as a breeding ground for rapid radicalization and violence. It is evident that Dutch right-wing extremists active in these forums and apps, but it is difficult to get a complete picture of the Dutch presence because of the size and turnover of the messages. The forums are easily accessible. Members can remain anonymous: registration is unnecessary and the location can be disguised.
"Pick up activism 'of Pegida
Small extreme right-wing and right-wing extremist groups remain active with demonstrations and intimidation and radical actions around AZCs and mosques. This raises anti-fascist and left-wing extremist reactions, as against demonstrations. In clashes between the two camps the violence appetite 'left' seems still greater than among right-wing extremists. Extreme right-wing and right-wing extremist demonstrations and actions also provide lasting unrest in Muslim communities. Notable was the presence of Turkish Muslims in Eindhoven with a Moroccan mosque in 15 June during a flyer provocative action of a dozen activists of the extreme right-wing anti-Islam group Pegida. The foreman Pegida, Edwin Wagensveld, was attacked by a number of counter-demonstrators. His action group achieved through "add-activism ', the repeat of small-scale actions, with minimal resources maximum polarization when a group of Muslims in which a lot of attention from the media is generated.
Violence against meeting Kick Out Zwarte Piet
That standing for 'own' around the kids as Sinterklaas can even lead to public violence during a meeting Friday was 9 November evident in The Hague. The background of dozens of supporters of Zwarte Piet as a meeting Kick Out Zwarte Piet (Közp) interfered with a lot of violence is still unknown. This action can not be separated from angry feelings of disgruntled citizens in the Hague, which had suggested the organization of entry to, in line with the national entry, merely using soot wipe helpers. This pursuit led two days of violence already a heated demonstration in Scheveningen, where hundreds of people under the slogan "Bonfire, Christmas or Zwarte Piet, different from our traditions, we do not "come together. Apart from these local component is violence a clear illustration of the hatred that the opponents of the "traditional" Sinterklaas presents to a group of mainly white Dutch. Because a small group of activists announced against Zwarte Piet in the coming years with perseverance to continue to discard all entrance ceremonies of Zwarte Piet, the polarization around this culture contrary to the edges shall not be resolved by relying on moderation and reasonableness. It makes since 2018 the presence of soccer hooligans during different entrance ceremonies for additional unrest.(…)
comments'boerkaverbod'
The introduction of the ban on face-covering clothing in certain public areas - popularly called the "burqa ban" - has so far mainly online had a mobilizing effect. Just before the introduction of the ban on 1 augustus 2019 took to social media attention to the law suddenly sharply after news of the Algemeen Dagblad confirming that a citizen's arrest of nikabdraagsters was authorized by a spokesman for the prosecution. A tweet from Geert Wilders (818.000 followers) where the PVV leader showed understanding for such initiatives led to tensions between online for- and opponents of the law because some right-wing populist social media pages was alluded to civil judgments and other forms of vigilantism. In response jihadists and Salafists came with different (online) Initiatives such as the introduction of 'neighborhood watch'. The pro-ISIS channel Greenb1rds was placed on the day of the introduction of the 'burqa ban' a threat against Netherlands. Also expressed jihadists threats against Geert Wilders. There is no evidence that the people behind these messages pose a real threat.
Some nikabdraagsters chose despite the introduction of the ban demonstrative niqab in public transport travel. This online dynamics caused no further for a big turnout at protests and demonstrations against the 'burqa ban'. Although right-wing populist and right-wing extremist online forums was alluded to private terminal operations to enforce the new law also showed the willingness to act in the public arena so far not large. In the weeks following the introduction of the ban were Salafists and Jihadists Muslims online mobilization on this theme, for example by online 'exposen "of alleged perpetrators who nikabdraagsters difficult (would) to fall. Partly because the national and municipal authorities a uniform story about the importance of enforcing the law, the law remains a topic about which can be strong social polarization. Extreme forces on both sides (Salafist-jihadi and right-wing extremist) can and will continue in the future profile on this theme because of the low number nikabdraagsters (circa 200) few people gets concrete. Due to the polarized (online) landscape, the "burqa ban" during a possible escalation rise in a public space above a problem of public order and a broad ideological debate ignite.

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Quick scan to the extreme right

municipality of Arnhem

Author:

Jaar:

2019

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Nuance door Training & Advice

Beschrijving:

This report is a quick scan of the municipality of Arnhem to extreme right. This makes research
clear in what form the extreme right may or may not manifest in Arnhem (both online
offline). Reason for this research two recent developments that have caused a reaction of extreme right-wing parties (and possibly bring in the future): the arrest of several suspected terrorists (2018) and the opening of a AZC (2016). Dit
Research is a qualitative study with part literature and part anthropological
fieldwork. Important here to mention that this is not a thorough investigation into this
phenomenon is (spread over a longer study period). It is a first attempt to understand what far-right parties are in Arnhem and to what extent they are active.

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The new generation of extreme right and its shadow online

Author:

Jaar:

2018

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Anne Frank Stichting, Low Tierolf, Lisanne Drost, Maaike van Kapel, Verwey-Jonker Institute, Willem Wagenaar

Beschrijving:

What does the extreme right there today from, How do the different groups relate to each other and which ideologies hide behind? Where members meet each other, how they interact and what strategies they use to disseminate their ideas and ideals? What nuances and caveats here are placing?

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Seventh report racism, anti-Semitism and right-wing extremist violence in the Netherlands

INCIDENTS, DECLARATIONS, ACCUSED AND HANDLING IN 2017

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2018

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

This is the seventh report Semitism, racism and right-wing extremist violence in Netherlands. The present report gives an account of these facts in the year 2017 and developments with respect to previous years. The report has been made on behalf of Anne Frank. The Anne Frank Foundation manages the Anne Frank house and brings her life story to the attention to reflect on the dangers of anti-Semitism, racisme en discriminatie en het belang van vrijheid, equal rights and democracy. The Foundation does not give in, inter alia aim to provide information and educational activities about discrimination and human rights, ter bevordering van het goed functioneren van een open, pluriforme, democratische samenleving.
A major goal of this report is to provide input for the educational activities of the Anne Frank Foundation. Furthermore, it serves as periodic reporting to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OVSE) en de Europese Unie (EU).

Particulars: Right-wing extremism on page 33 t/m 51

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Factsheet extreme right in Dutch Towns

October Update 2018

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2018

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Before you is the update of the 'fact sheet far right Dutch municipalities' in October 2018, in which a current picture sketched by the extreme right-wing organizations active in the Netherlands. This fact sheet should provide insight into the extent, Geographically, meaning and involvement in violent incidents of various extreme right-wing organizations in Netherlands.
The composition of the list of organizations and presented facts about these organizations gathered under the Project Monitor Racism, Anti-Semitism and extreme right violence in the Netherlands.

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The waves of right-wing violence in Western Europe

Nature, seriousness and extent of the right-wing extremist violence threat in Western Europe, including Netherlands

Author:

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2018

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Aantal blz:

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Beschrijving:

The NCTV published over the right-wing extremist violence threat since the first appearance of the Terrorist Threat Assessment Netherlands (DTN) in 2005. It is widely considered
threat to all developments which could potentially lead to terrorist violence. The history, but also the actuality, showed that terrorist violence is not confined to
jihadisme. In the National Counterterrorism Strategy 2016-2020 states that right-wing extremism, the attention of the NCTV.1 The right-wing extremism nevertheless became the
imaging is often obscured by the Jihadism. This is largely understandable because the jihadist threat of violence, in any case in the Netherlands, the last decade
determining factor has been the threat of terrorism.
The NCTV also published for this reason in recent years, several studies phenomenon in terms of Jihadism (For example, "Minors at ISIS 'from 2017). New domestic and international events and developments in the field of right-wing extremism and right-terrorism cause the phenomenon has gained in recent years of relevance to the threat.

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Summary Terrorist Threat Netherlands 48

Author:

Jaar:

2018

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Dutch far-right groups are particularly active in intimidating and radical actions, but there are no indications that they would like to operate violent. The focus remains on actions against the alleged Islamization of the Netherlands, the arrival of asylum seekers and the alleged loss of Dutch identity. Right to Resistance (Tear), an offshoot of Pegida, A new group with members over the past period was responsible for a number of intimidating protests. Especially putting up a decapitated doll and threatening letter at a mosque in North Amsterdam in January 2018, which protested against the arrival of a "mega mosque", attracted a lot of political and media attention. The announcement Pegida to pork during Ramadan at several mosques barbecue, also led to much media attention. It is also striking that some extreme right of self-confidence seem to win and now dare to demonstrate in the political 'left' famed cities such as Amsterdam and Nijmegen. This increases the risk of confrontation with leftist violence against demonstrators. In general has long been estimated that severe wing extremist violence is primarily conceivable from rapidly radicalized groups or loners. The man who was arrested in August in Schiedam, after he had uttered in reaction to the death of a Hague PVV councilor a threat to social media, is an example of the latter possible,.

Particulars: Right-wing extremism on page 9

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Summary Terrorist Threat Netherlands 47

Author:

Jaar:

2018

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Anne Frank Stichting, Low Tierolf, Lisanne Drost, Rose the Heijer, Verwey-Jonker Institute, Willem Wagenaar

Beschrijving:

The far-right threat of violence remains relatively limited in Netherlands. Unlike in neighboring countries in Europe and especially Germany, There are no indications of legal structures or terrorist groups in Netherlands. Potentially serious wing extremist violence is primarily conceivable from the corner of loners or quickly radicalized groups. Emphatic exception to stagnant growth, the racist group Erkenbrand. This group is attracting more interested, What is also evident from the presence of more than two hundred people at the annual convention. Because of the anti-democratic ideology in Erkenbrand assumes this group
a danger for the democratic legal. In various parts of Erkenbrand life ideas of an impending race war (as with more radical groups). Although the focus of the organization in keeping radical readings, can be carried out further radicalization. The alt right movement and Erkenbrand as Dutch exponent, Semitism in far-right circles back again (never completely) gone.

Particulars: Right-wing extremism on page 7

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Sixth report racism, anti-Semitism and right-wing extremist violence in the Netherlands

INCIDENTS, DECLARATIONS, ACCUSED AND HANDLING IN 2016

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2017

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

This sixth report Semitism, racism and right-wing extremist violence in Netherlands, reports on these facts in the year 2016, and developments with respect to previous years. The report has been made on behalf of Anne Frank. The Anne Frank Foundation manages the Anne Frank house and brings her life story to the attention to reflect on the dangers of anti-Semitism, racisme en discriminatie en het belang van vrijheid, equal rights and democracy. The Foundation does not give in, inter alia aim to provide information and educational activities about discrimination and human rights, to promote the proper functioning
an open, pluriforme, democratische samenleving. A major goal of this report is to provide input for the educational activities of the Anne Frank Foundation. Furthermore, it serves as periodic reporting to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OVSE) en de Europese Unie (EU).

Particulars: Right-wing extremism on page 35-50

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Summary Terrorist Threat Netherlands 46

Author:

Jaar:

2017

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Regularly found in Netherlands vandalism and graffiti in place / mosques and Islamic schools. There are also examples of mosques being harassed with threatening letters, as in June AsSoennah mosque in The Hague. The most visible manifestation of the extreme right in the Netherlands is determined by groups like Pegida, Identitair Resistance (ID-Resistance) and increasingly Erkenbrand. The above-mentioned groups are characterized by extreme right ideas, but use no violent methods to achieve their goals.
Worrisome is the increased rate of radical Pegida during the last year. This is reflected by the widening of the focus on acting against Islam, Muslims seekers and, in general,. The group operates in the Netherlands now with right-extremist organizations from abroad like HoGeSa (Hooligans against Salafism) from Germany.

ID opposition chose this DTNperiode for temporarily occupying Muslim properties, as the Salafist Cornelius Haga school and a mosque under construction in Venlo. ID Resistance remains, unlike other identitary groups in Europe, limited in size. Also concerns remain about Erkenbrand. The group works online and offline to further expand the number of followers of their racialist doctrine.

Particulars: Right-wing extremism on page 7

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Criminal prosecution discrimination image 2016

Author:

LECD

Jaar:

2017

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

This report describes cases of discrimination in 2016 played with the Public Prosecution (ABOUT). The discrimination approach is essential and a priority of the OM. Discrimination can not be accepted in a democratic society where everyone is equal and human rights are respected. Criminal law is one of the ways to tackle discrimination: with prosecution a strong signal can be given to the society that discrimination is not tolerated. The visualization of discrimination cases provides insight into the approach to discrimination by the Public.

Particulars: With attention to Pegida on page 8 and the NCE on page 23

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Factsheet extreme right in Dutch Towns

update March 2017

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2017

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Before you is the update of the 'fact sheet far right Dutch municipalities' dated March 2017, in which a current picture sketched by the extreme right-wing organizations active in the Netherlands. This fact sheet should provide insight into the extent, Geographically, meaning and involvement in violent incidents of various extreme right-wing organizations in Netherlands. The composition of the list of organizations and presented facts about these organizations gathered under the Project Monitor Racism, Anti-Semitism and extreme right violence in the Netherlands.

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Monitor Muslim Discrimination 3rd report

Online image of Muslims and Islam

Author:

Ineke van der Valk

Jaar:

2017

Taal:

Aantal blz:

188

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Results of research show repeatedly seen in many variations and tonalities that Islam and Muslims in the Netherlands but difficult to accept. This is partly reflected in the results of research into experiences of discrimination of Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch youth and the results of research on the degree of acceptance of Muslims. Many young people of Turkish or Moroccan feel they belong to the Dutch society. They feel excluded and rejected. They are not seen as individuals, but as Turks, Moroccans or Muslims i.e.. as a different set of. They feel differently treated
many areas of daily life. They feel, distorted in the press. Many young men have to deal with ethnic profiling by police. They call the unfavorable climate towards ethnic minorities as the main reason why they still identify with their community of origin and their faith. giving Taken together, the results of the study in which this emerges a clear indication that a thread experiences of discrimination make in the lives of these young people. One such discrimination is Islamophobia. Islamophobia manifests itself in various fields and in many sectors of society, in downright violent practices and ordinary interpersonal communication.

Particulars: Hoofdstuk twee gaat over moslimdiscriminatie in de politiek. Er wordt een overzicht gegeven van extreemrechtse groepen die zich in de onderzoeksperiode actief inzetten om moslims te discrimineren.

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Factsheet extreme right in Dutch Towns

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Anne Frank Stichting, Low Tierolf, Maaike van Kapel, Niels Hermens, Verwey-Jonker Institute, Willem Wagenaar

Beschrijving:

Before you is the first update of the 'fact sheet far right Dutch municipalities', in which a current picture sketched by the extreme right-wing organizations active in the Netherlands. This fact sheet should provide insight into the extent, Geographically, significance and moved- ment in violent incidents of various right-wing extremist organizations in the Netherlands. The composition of the list of organizations and the presented facts about these organizations verza- mentioned in the context of the Monitor Project Racisme, Anti-Semitism and extreme right violence in the Netherlands . The choice to take certain organizations do and not to follow the defnition and demarcation applicable within that project. This fact sheet is Social Stability commissioned by the Expertise Unit (ESS) written by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. about appliances- responsibility for the content lies with the author.

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Fifth report racism, anti-Semitism and right-wing extremist violence in the Netherlands

INCIDENTS, DECLARATIONS, ACCUSED AND HANDLING IN 2015

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

This report is a report on anti-Semitism, racism and right-wing extremist violence in the Netherlands in the year 2015, and developments with respect to previous years. The report has been made on behalf of Anne Frank. The Anne Frank Foundation manages the Anne Frank house and brings her life story to the attention to reflect on the dangers of anti-Semitism, racisme en discriminatie en het belang van vrijheid, equal rights and democracy. The foundation proposes to provide, inter alia, aim to provide information and educational activities about discrimination and human rights, ter bevordering van het goed functioneren van een open, pluriforme, democratische samenleving. A major goal of this report is to provide input for the educational activities of the Anne Frank House. Furthermore, it serves as periodic reporting to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OVSE) en de Europese Unie (EU).

Particulars: Right-wing extremism on page 42-54

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Summary Terrorist Threat Netherlands 43

Author:

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

European Network Against Racism ENAR, Mariska Jung

Beschrijving:

Also again showed that right-wing extremist ideology can serve as inspiration. De terrorist in Munich 9 people killed, acting the example of the Norwegian far-right terrorist Anders Breivik.
(…)
In the current polarized climate surrounding the theme ?? s Islam, asylum, integration, Europe and Turkey also is a risk of violent incidents of extreme right and extreme left. In the run up to the parliamentary elections in March 2017 higher polarization is conceivable in Netherlands. In shift time is also more than usual risk of a possible act of violence by a loner.
(…)
The attack in Munich in July 2016 shows that right-wing extremist thought can inspire good individual attackers. In the Netherlands last year to see a resurgence of extreme right-wing views, partly due to the polarized debate include Islam and asylum seekers. Right-wing extremist-inspired violence, as earlier this year in Enschede, remain thus conceivable in Netherlands.
(…)
In addition, more attacks are committed by individuals as lone actor ?? ?? or with some logistical support from ISIS members act. Isis managed to cause maximum fear and violence with minimal effort in Europe. The'merk 'ISIS even taking advantage of non-jihadist attacks. The attack in Munich in July 2016 was committed by a right-wing extremist. The audience will go initially conceived as yet another jihadist-inspired violence incident
(…)
The extreme right and extreme right
Due to the decline in the number of asylum seekers getting the extreme right in the Netherlands less opportunity for action. Serious violent events of right-wing extremist signature – like the fire bombing in February 2016 at a mosque in Enschede – have not occurred in the last period. However, there were still graffiti and vandalism carried out at asylum centers and houses of status holders. The decline in action does not mean the rejection of refugees and Muslims actually disappeared in Netherlands, on the contrary. The hatred against Islam, refugees and Dutch politics is still fully visible, especially on the Internet. In real life jumps some actions in the eye. In the previous DTN has been written about the creation of vigilante with a right-wing extremist background. The past period has also established the Dutch version of Soldiers of Odin. Members of these so-called vigilante made in July 2016 hunt for a fugitive allegedly harassed women in Winschoten. Right-wing extremist violence motivated serious threat may come mainly from the angle of unprecedented violent loners, as demonstrated by the terrorist attack in Munich in July by a follower of Anders Breivik. In times of intense polarization in society violent loners can feel strengthened to a (terrorist) outrage to commit.
(…)
Although violent confrontation not know the serious and Germany we see this phenomenon last year more in Netherlands. This mainly extreme left is playing an active role. The focus was on disrupting the past year and prevent demonstrations of anti-Islamic group ?? Pegida Netherlands ??, where right-wing extremists often come off. Left-wing extremists attempting to provoke in these demonstrations against violence and fear the use of fireworks or smoke bombs not.

Particulars: The extreme right largely on page 6

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FORGOTTEN WOMEN: The impact of Islamophobia on Muslim women in the Netherlands

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Engels

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Forgotten women: the impact of Islamophobia on Muslim women
ENAR’s project “Forgotten Women: the impact of Islamophobia on Muslim women” aims to
document the disproportionate impact of Islamophobia on women and to strengthen alliances
between the anti-racism and feminist movements in order to better address the intersectional
discrimination affecting Muslim women or those perceived as such. It has taken place between 2015
and 2016 in 8 countries, chosen to get a representative picture of the situation of Muslim women in
the European Union: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden and the
United Kingdom.
The aim of the report on the Netherlands is to gain insight into the unique experiences of Muslim
women with Islamophobia in the Netherlands, particularly in the context of employment and racist
speech and violence. Therefore the main questions that guide this report are:
1) What is the labour market position of Muslim women?
2) How does labour market discrimination affect Muslim women?
3) To what extent are Muslim women protected against labour market discrimination under
(inter)national legal provisions and through existing policies?
4) What are the recent developments in racist speech and violence against Muslims and how do
these affect Muslim women?
5) To what extent are Muslim women protected against racist speech and violence under
(inter)national legal provisions and through existing policies?
An estimated 80% of Muslims in the Netherlands have a Turkish, Moroccan, Afghani, Iraqi, Iranian or
Somali background.

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Islamophobia in sight

Author:

SPIOR

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

General Information- and Security

Beschrijving:

Discrimination undermines the cohesion of society and impedes individuals in their development. The legislature therefore clear provisions against discrimination in the law. Indeed, the first article of our Constitution is the principle of non-discrimination. Also, discrimination punishable. Combat discrimination requires a broad commitment. Also SPIOR committed against discrimination, on any ground, from her own role and expertise. Moreover, there is a specific focus on exclusion and discrimination against Muslims, which we get more and more signals in our work. Particularly since the attacks of 9/11 and subsequent events, such as the murder of Theo van Gogh and recently the attack on Charlie Hebdo, Paris and Brussels, many Muslims experienced a climate of fear, distrust, hatred and discrimination towards Islam and Muslims. This is often referred to as 'Islamophobia'.

Particulars: Op blz 33 en 34 about Pegida PVV and friends club.

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AIVD jaarverslag 2015

Author:

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Note Kafka at GISS analysis on Pegida

The AIVD can from the opportunities they have to do good research on right-wing extremism in the Netherlands. Nevertheless, this research may lead to poor analysis. The interpretation of the anti-Islamic protest movement Pegida is an example of such bad (for one-dimensional) analysis.

According to GISS Pegida unsolicited assisted by right-wing extremists, who seek confrontations with anti-fascist counter-demonstrators. The counter-demonstrators bring Pegida in a negative light by distributing pictures of this right-wing extremists. GISS generates based on this analysis, the suggestion that Pegida is not a right-wing extremist organization.

The service stores here wrong with the board because it ignores some facts that certainly places the extreme right Pegida Netherlands.

– Pegida Netherlands is partly due to the Dutch Defence League. An extreme right-wing organization that opposes "the EU, Islamization and sharia in the Netherlands ", while collaborates with various other far-right individuals and organizations.

– From the very first demonstration Pegida Netherlands works together with activists of right-wing extremist organizations, which form part of the organization Pegida-. Initially it Identitair Resistance, later Outpost. Also with organizations Protesters Against Municipalities and the Dutch Association's Pegida alliances.

– One of the founders of Pegida Netherlands argues in her speech at the first demonstration to hate Muslims and despise. They shall then seek an unusual step to biological explanations for her ideas about Muslims. Unusual, biological theories because the domain normally be convinced neo-Nazis. It is not surprising that the Prosecution announced a day after the protest to investigate whether these expressions are punishable. The founder is still active in Pegida.

– Pegida Netherlands opposes Islam and against migration and positioned by the tone and content used in the extreme right spectrum. That a large part of the far-right movement is positively associated with Pegida therefore not surprising, After all, they share a political agenda. The presence of the Pegida Netherlands frame on Outpost demonstration 21 april 2016 Middelburg is outside the research area of the GISS analysis for the year 2015. But it confirms the picture of Pegida as extreme right-wing organization.

The above facts show provides a more complete picture about Pegida the AIVD. There is no question of an unsolicited involvement of the extreme right with Pegida. Pegida is currently a major player in the extreme right-wing movement in the Netherlands.

Particulars: Right Extremism on page 29 en 30

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Incidents at mosques: risk and protection

Author:

Ineke van der Valk

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Ibtissam Abaâziz, Report Islamophobia, Nadia Benaissa

Beschrijving:

This research report focuses on risk and protection related to discriminatory incidents at mosques. From the book "Islamophobia and Discriminatie'1 already revealed that the broader picture of growing Islamophobia in the Netherlands merged with the incidence of violence and incidents at mosques. The number of registered cases showed a continuity of periods when it peaked, depending on the circumstances. This was the case after the attacks on the WTC in New York 11 september 2001 and after the murder of van Gogh in November 2004. In 2014 were asked first mosques themselves about their experiences in this gebied.2 Combined with data from other sources we Although this did not complete but a plausible picture of discriminatory aggression and violence against mosques in Netherlands. This picture is summarized as follows. Of the estimated 475 Mosques in the Netherlands over a third (39 %) to make in the past ten years, had with one or often more occurrences of discriminatory aggression and violence. Destruction, with discriminatory graffiti slogans, (attempts at) arson, threatening letters and hanging a pig's head are among the most common incidents. Some of these mosques made such incidents
at least annually or even more often,. 30% of the mosques has experienced no incidents of discriminatory aggression and violence. From 29% of the mosques is not known whether they have had these experiences.

Particulars: This research is part of the project monitor Islamophobia. Right-wing extremism on page 25 - 37

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Sign Islamophobia Annual Report 2015

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Several studies 1 one report 2 was found that lack of structural data on Islamophobia in the Netherlands, because Islamophobia -under other- yet is not everywhere a separate registration category. Whether digits to- or decrease showed Islamophobia and what developments occur in this area shows itself will not easily answer. Sign Islamophobia has at the time of the establishment whose purpose is to fill this gap. To reach this goal, Report seeks Islamophobia committed to systematic collection Islamophobic incidents and analyze in order to make the problem better map.

Particulars: On the extreme right, inter alia, on page 5 (N.S.B.), 16 (PVV), 21 (Pegida), 25 (Identitair Resistance),

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Summary Terrorist Threat Netherlands 41

Author:

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Anne Frank Stichting, Low Tierolf, Lisanne Drost, Maaike van Kapel, Niels Hermens, Verwey-Jonker Institute, Willem Wagenaar

Beschrijving:

On the extreme right:
Worrying is the increase in the number of threats, intimidating actions and violence, which takes place around the intense public debate on asylum seekers, immigrants and Islam in the Netherlands. These incidents primarily affect drivers, migrants and advocates of reception of asylum seekers, as well as objects such as reception centers and mosques.
Op 26 February it was founded in Enschede fire at a mosque where at that time people were present. In this context, a person arrested on suspicion of complicity in an attempted arson with terrorist intent.
Such threats of violence and increasing insecurity among different population groups and may also undermine the democratic process at the local level. (…) The threat from the left- and continue to right-wing extremism, as already noted in DTN40, developments around the refugee crisis iconic.

The hashtag #kominverzet introduced by PVV leader Geert Wilders (or a derivative thereof) is often used in the online mobilization of all groups of opponents. The name and likeness of Wilders, claiming to represent only nonviolent resistance, be exploited by extremists beyond peaceful resistance. So was the home of a Somali family in December Pannerden pelted with fireworks and a pamphlet was hung with racist texts including a picture of Wilders.

To ensure their power to put in are extreme leftist and -rechtse individuals and groups increasingly active on the subject of asylum / Islam. This is the real possibility that renewed violent clashes between the two camps held. Also, these groups or individuals radicalise and opt for outside legal modus operandi.

Within extreme right-wing groups and individuals put the shift from classical’ (neonazistisch) extreme right to anti-Islam(name), that has emerged since a half year, door. The jihadist threat combined with the large flow of asylum in Europe has organized extreme right-wing groups in the Netherlands the opportunity to anti-Islam sentiments, besides criticizing European cooperation, to bring to the attention of a wider audience than their traditional supporters.
For now, however, succeeds organized extreme right failed to mobilize large groups nationwide. The right-wing extremist party Dutch People's Union (NVU) mainly spreading propaganda. Other right-wing groups are trying to increase their supporters. The intensification of the number and nature of incidents around mosques, AZCs, participation evenings and the like is worrisome, because the local democratic process is put through intimidation and threats under pressure. In addition, these events for others the threshold to also use violence reduction. Op 26 February it was founded in Enschede fire at a mosque where at that time people were present. In this context, a person arrested on suspicion of complicity in an attempted arson with terrorist intent. Research is needed to determine what the background and motives of the man. If there is indeed a terrorist objective it is that in the Netherlands the first time (failed) terrorist attack took place aimed at immigrants or Muslims. More such incidents can not be ruled out.

Particulars: Right-wing extremism on page 7 en 8

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IJV 4th report Racism, antisemitisme, extreemrechts geweld en discriminatie

Fourth report racism, antisemitisme, and wing extremist violence in Netherlands

Incidents, returns, suspects and handling in 2014

Auteurs:

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2015

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Beschrijving:

This report shows that the number of racist and anti-Semitic incidents in 2014 increased compared 2013. The explanation for the sharp increase in the number of racist incidents is unclear. One possible explanation could be a hardening in the political and social climate after the local elections in March 2014. However, the large number of reports against Geert Wilders is not included in this report. The increase in the number of anti-Semitic incidents may be explained by the intensification of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the summer of 2014. In those months were in the Netherlands more anti-Semitic incidents. Due to the small number of incidents, we can draw conclusions however here. Opposite the aforementioned increase is difficult to explain decrease in the number of racist and anti-Semitic abuse incidents. A possible explanation could be that the type of profanity used fashion sensitive, allowing some epithets with anti-Semitic or racist connotation in 2014 less were used.

Three other points are covered in this report. The first is that anti-Semitic violence and racist violence take place within a different dynamics. The main difference is the reason: in anti-Semitic violence were much more often anti-Semitic intentions than that racist intentions in racial violence gave rise. The second point is that, Despite the stable small size of right-wing extremist, We note with some caution that extreme right violence appears to be increasing slightly. The third point is that the Prosecution has indicated from 2015 commune-offenses discriminatory aspect to take in its registration. Because of this, we expect 2016 a strong improvement in the understanding of the settlement of discrimination incidents.

Particulars: Right-wing extremist and extreme right violence on page 39 t/m 50

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Monitor Muslim Discrimination

Author:

Ineke van der Valk

Jaar:

2015

Taal:

Aantal blz:

131

Soort Uitgave:

General Information- and Security

Beschrijving:

The report 'Monitor Muslim Discrimination' brings Dr.. Ineke van der Valk data collected on the state of affairs of Islamophobia and discrimination against Muslims. The number of reports on anti-discrimination and the police is low, there appear few reports in the media but research into discrimination against Muslims shows high levels of both experienced discrimination as measured objectively discrimination through the years.

Ineke van der Valk made for the investigational use of national and international research, Data from anti-discrimination organizations and results of empirical research. Especially discriminatory incidents at mosques and the situation in secondary education stood in the research center.

Particulars: In chapter 4 PVV is the central. In addition, this chapter discusses the growing role of extreme right-wing groups.

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AIVD jaarverslag 2014

Author:

Jaar:

2015

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave: