This text is part of the quarterly research results 3 23 In June, Ronald van der Wal was arrested in Poland. He was about to purchase five firearms with ammunition. They would be intended for an attack in the Netherlands. Van der Wal is an old acquaintance within the extreme right of the Netherlands. Among other things, he was active… Read more
Evert Mouw, one of the first users of the website Stormfront is demanding large damages from research group Kafka. He wrongly believes that he has been portrayed as a “convinced National Socialist and Hitler supporter”.. "I'm afraid we'll never get rid of the Jews." It is 5 May 1998 and Sleeve (1976) writes about his ideas… Read more
The extraordinary and highly consequential electoral successes of radical right parties in Western Europe in the last couple of decades are well documented. The evidence on how these parties’ successes are associated with their anti-immigrant appeals invites the conclusion that such appeals are an easy way to electoral success for minor parties willing to exploit this issue. This paper argues that this is not so, since it is nearly impossible for minor parties to make credible appeals to voters on the immigration issue unless they have reputational shields—a legacy that can be used to fend off accusations of racism and extremism. Not many minor parties deciding to run on the anti-immigrant ticket, it turns out, have such reputational shields. This paper presents newly collected evidence to show that six out of seven anti-immigrant parties failed to achieve sustained electoral success in a period when Europe was in an immigration crisis.
With extreme right parties in government in Austria and Italy, and Jean-Marie Le Pen contesting the run-off in the 2002 presidential elections in France, few people will dispute their continuing relevance in the politics of Western Europe. Indeed, ever since the first small electoral successes of parties like the Centrumpartij in the Netherlands or the Front National in France in the early 1980s, the extreme right has been the most discussed group of parties both in and outside of the scholarly community. Thousands of newspaper articles and hundreds of pieces of scholarly work have been devoted to extreme right parties, predominantly describing their history, leaders or electoral successes, as well as proclaiming their danger. Remarkably little serious attention has been devoted to their ideology, however. This aspect of the extreme right has been considered to be known to everyone. The few scholars that did devote attention to the ideology of the contemporary extreme right parties have primarily been concerned with pointing out similarities with the fascist and National Socialist ideologies of the pre-war period. If the similarities were not found, this was often taken as ‘proof ’ that the extreme right hides its (true) ideologies, rather than as a motivation to look in a different direction.
How intolerant towards native Dutch immigrants? Almost
25 year assesses the Social and Cultural Planning Office (SCP) public opinion on
immigrants and publishes regularly about. In the late eighties, early
ninety we see a slight hardening of the climate of opinion, but according to the
SCP there are generally few changes. Just About 80% of the
population thinks that natives and immigrants should have equal treatment
have at distribution issues, such as housing and employment.
Just About 13% of the indigenous population rejects
immigrants. Just About 50% of the indigenous population is against immigration
opposed.
Regarding this last NIPO found in 1998 a different outcome:1 not
half, but three-quarters of the native Dutch against further
Immigration opposed. There is - according to the NIPO - a growing support for
immigration restrictions while confidence in integration and
adjustment of immigrants decreases. NIPO found this trend going on
Polls in the years 1993, 1995 en 1998.
Eind 1999 showed another NIPO survey, one third of the Dutch
opposes the granting of asylum to political or economic
vluchtelingen.2 thirds of the Dutch have supported policies
government for political refugees who fear for their own country
their lives to give asylum. About half of the respondents felt that
seekers give nuisance. Further thought about forty percent that asylum seekers
on average, are more criminal than Dutch.
Read more in the monitor
The Dutch National Security Service (BVD) finds in his
Annual Report July that extreme right-wing organizations in the Netherlands in meaning
decrease. The loss of the extreme right-wing parties in the municipal- en
Parliamentary elections in March and May are an expression of. There are in
Netherlands more than fifty organized neo-Nazis. In recent years, were
that more than one hundred.
The far-right parties in the municipal elections of March 1998
lose virtually all of their seats. In Rotterdam-Schiedam preserve Center
Democrats (CD) 1 seat and one seat in Utrecht goes to Dutch Block.
The extreme right had 88 seats: 78 for the CD, 9 and for CP'86 1 for the
Nederlands Blok.
In the parliamentary elections of May 1998 lose their extreme right
main representation, nl. the three seats the
Centrumdemocraten.
In the Leiden University does Jaap van Donselaar investigating extreme right.
He cites several reasons for the loss of the extreme right.
Important is the changed electoral law. For the first time, each party 570
signatures required scattered throughout the country to join in all constituencies
to be able to do.
Read more in the Annual Review
This is the second report of the project Monitoring racism and the extreme right, that was commissioned by the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations. The monitoring project has two main objectives:
1. monitor racism and the extreme right: the observation of these phenomena in the Netherlands, as well as the government response to these phenomena; periodic reporting, in two ways:
(a) 'General report': a general reporting on the basis of a fixed pattern;
(b) a floor battle ': reporting to a special subject is exposed.
2. The periodicity of the project means that displays a general report in one year and the other a 'floor battle'. The first report of 1997 was a general, which involves a broad picture of the phenomena of racism and the extreme right in the Netherlands, as well as government responses. Also those of the coming year (1999) a general report will be. This present second report is devoted to a special’ subject matter: the relationship between the media and also racism and the extreme right.
Read more in the monitor
2.1.1 Extreme right
Extreme right-wing organizations in 1997 less often -through demonstrations or otherwise- sought the public than in 1996. Also in the same year was already a decrease in the number of public operations in comparison with 1995.
The Centre Party '86 (CP'86), remainder of the NVP / CP'86 end 1996 fell apart, is in 1997 undeniable hit in neo-Nazi fairway. The main board of the party took part several times in meetings and demonstrations of neo-Nazis in Belgium and Denmark. They collaborate with kindred spirits of the FAP Workers Party, The Dutch People's Union and the Action Front National Socialists and maintain regular contact with like-minded people in Belgium and Germany. CP'86 is poorly organized and has no more than a few dozen members, primarily living in the Rijnmond area. The total number of organized neo-Nazis in our country and outside CP'86 is estimated at less than fifty.
Read more in the annual report
This is the first report of the project Monitoring racism and the extreme right that was commissioned by the Ministry of the Interior. Under 'racism’ are also understood: antisemitisme, rasvooroordeel, Xenophobia, xenophobia en rasdiscriminatie. The monitor works are not exclusively focused on racist, but also to combat these phenomena.
The project has two objectives:
1. Permanent monitoring of racism and anti-racism
2. periodic reporting on the key findings
The utility of periodic reporting has many. Annually took stock based on a fixed pattern of the main manifestations of racism and right-wing extremism, and the development of strategies to combat. The reports can contribute by their systematic and periodic character of accumulation of knowledge and insights. It provides insight into developments that occur in the longer term. This applies not only to the past period but also the future.
The monitor can contribute to early identification of relevant, new developments.
The overall research question is:
1. How are expressions of (racist) right-wing extremism (in Nederland) developed?
2. which patterns of response have been there?
Read more in the monitor
The main far-right parties are still in parliament
represented councils Centre Democrats (CD) in CP'86, die
only represented in municipal councils. After years of silence had this year
The Dutch People's Union (NVU) hear again from him. In a CP'86
rupture may result. The CD and CP'86 have considered merging some time.
Within CP'86 creating a schism. Throughout the year there are over
arrests of extreme right supporters because of disturbances,
violence, participating in banned demonstrations and theft. Thereunder
was also the assistant of the CD in the House, C. Rietveld. In
Rotterdam has been disagreement about the use of their CP'86
fractiekamer.
Read more in jaroverzicht
2.1.1 Racism and violence emptying immigrants
Commissioned by the BVD performed two scientific research investigating the causes of racism and anti-immigrant violence in Netherlands.
Scientific Research- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC) the Ministry of Justice studied based file analysis of the nature and extent of such violence in 1994 and researched the motives of perpetrators.
The Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law at the University of Utrecht conducted participant observation order youth to identify racist tendencies within youth cultures. The results of both studies are in May 1997 announced.
In parallel to these trials registers the BVD violent incidents directed against members of ethnic minority groups. Although the statistical material available is incomplete, The conclusion seems justified that the number of incidents, in comparison with 1995, are not or hardly increased. Perhaps there is a connection to the decline of extreme right, as shown by election results and the decrease in membership. This trend is also noticeable in Germany. There is a dramatic reduction in the number of incidents recorded.
Read more in the annual report
2. 1.1 Racism and anti-immigrant violence
In order to gain a better understanding of the underlying causes of racism and anti-immigrant violence in Netherlands, is given a research assignment at two scientific institutions. Scientific Research- en Documentatiecentrum (WODC) the Ministry of Justice studies based on case analysis and discussion rounds the motives of perpetrators of racist violence.
A study by the Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law at the University of Utrecht is through participant observation on the backgrounds of racist aggression by youths. Both studies have been started and have a policy supporting character. In both studies, set its advisory committees, which is represented expertise from Netherlands.
Read more in the annual report
2.1.1 Extreme right
The danger of a fundamental right violations in the Netherlands comes mainly from extreme-right corner, particularly in the form of verbal and physical anti-immigrant violence. The reaction of the extreme left side gives cause for concern.
The BVD pays attention to members of extreme-right political parties whose attack on our democratic legal, fearing in particular the free exercise of fundamental rights of citizens is. Also, the -geringe- several members of fascist organizations, whose Action Front National Socialists (ANS) is the most important exponent, can count on interest from BVD.
Ma startling profits seat of the Centre Democrats (CD) in the municipal elections in March 1994 followed a series of publications on criminal activities and acts of racial violence, allegedly committed by prominent party members. The frictions that partly as a result manifested in the CD, led to resignation, suspension and expulsion of dissident, mainly newly elected councilors. Dutch Block develops gradually become an attractive alternative especially disappointed and resentful (ex)CD councilors. Block plays a far from passive role.
Read more in the annual report