Engels

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Antisemitism can be expressed in the form of verbal and physical attacks, threats, harassment, discrimination and unequal treatment, property damage and graffiti or other forms of speech or text, including on the internet. Antisemitic incidents and hate crime violate fundamental rights, including the right to human dignity, the right to equality of treatment and the freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
The present report provides an overview of data on antisemitism as recorded by international organisations and by official and unofficial sources in the 28 European Union (EU) Member States, based on their own definitions and categorisations. ‘Official data’ are understood here as those collected by law enforcement agencies, other authorities that are part of criminal justice systems and relevant state ministries at the national level. ‘Unofficial data’ refers to data collected by civil society organisations.
This annual overview provides an update of the most recent figures on antisemitic incidents, covering the period 1 January 2007–31 December 2017, across the EU Member States, where data are available. In addition, it includes a section that presents evidence from international organisations.

Bijzonderheden: Nederlandse situatie beschreven op blz 59 t/m 64.

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The conservative embrace of progressive values

On the intellectual origins of the swing to the right in Dutch politics

Auteur:

Merijn Oudenampsen

Jaar:

2018

Taal:

Aantal blz:

338

Soort Uitgave:

Barcelona Centre for International Affairs CIDOB, Blanca Garcés- Mascareñas

Beschrijving:

De observatie dat zich rond de eeuwwisseling een belangrijke breuk heeft voorgedaan
in de Nederlandse politieke cultuur wordt inmiddels tot de dooddoeners van het
publieke debat gerekend. Een land dat een imago koesterde als baken van tolerantie en
progressivisme ontwikkelde zich in kort tijdsbestek tot de Europese voorhoede van de
politieke wederopleving van nationalisme en anti-immigratiesentiment. De bliksemsnelle
opkomst en dramatische moord van Pim Fortuyn in 2002 leidde tot een
verbluffende verkiezingsoverwinning van zijn partij, de Lijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF). Uit het
niets werd het de tweede partij van het land, met zeventien procent van de stemmen, in
wat algemeen bekend is komen te staan als de Fortuyn-revolte. Sindsdien zijn identiteit,
immigratie en law and order de dominante thema’s van het publieke debat. Het vormde
de aanvang van de Nederlandse culture wars, een strijdterrein waarin conservatieve
voorstanders van een strenger immigratie- en integratiebeleid de degens kruisten met
prudente progressieven.
De vraag die centraal staat in dit boek is hoe deze verschuiving begrepen kan
worden in ideologische zin.

Bijzonderheden: Achterin boek een Nederlandstalige toelichting

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POPULISM IN EUROPE: FROM SYMPTOM TO ALTERNATIVE?

Auteurs:

ISBN:

2564-9086

Jaar:

2017

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

European Network Against Racism ENAR, Mariska Jung

Beschrijving:

Two-thirds of younger people in liberal democracies such as the US, Britain and the Netherlands believe that it is not essential to live in a democracy. About the same percentage of millennials (those born since the early 1980s) would not regard a military takeover as illegitimate per se, if the government was deemed incompetent or failing, according to a study by the political scientists Yascha Mounk and Roberto Stefan Foa. Older age cohorts are more supportive of democratic principles, but their support has been waning over the last decade as well.

Bijzonderheden: Op blz 27 - 29 aandacht voor Nederland

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FORGOTTEN WOMEN: The impact of Islamophobia on Muslim women in the Netherlands

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Matthijs Rooduijn, Paul Lucardie, Sarah L de Lange, Teun Pauwels, Tjitske Akkerman

Beschrijving:

Forgotten women: the impact of Islamophobia on Muslim women
ENAR’s project “Forgotten Women: the impact of Islamophobia on Muslim women” aims to
document the disproportionate impact of Islamophobia on women and to strengthen alliances
between the anti-racism and feminist movements in order to better address the intersectional
discrimination affecting Muslim women or those perceived as such. It has taken place between 2015
and 2016 in 8 countries, chosen to get a representative picture of the situation of Muslim women in
the European Union: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden and the
United Kingdom.
The aim of the report on the Netherlands is to gain insight into the unique experiences of Muslim
women with Islamophobia in the Netherlands, particularly in the context of employment and racist
speech and violence. Therefore the main questions that guide this report are:
1) What is the labour market position of Muslim women?
2) How does labour market discrimination affect Muslim women?
3) To what extent are Muslim women protected against labour market discrimination under
(inter)national legal provisions and through existing policies?
4) What are the recent developments in racist speech and violence against Muslims and how do
these affect Muslim women?
5) To what extent are Muslim women protected against racist speech and violence under
(inter)national legal provisions and through existing policies?
An estimated 80% of Muslims in the Netherlands have a Turkish, Moroccan, Afghani, Iraqi, Iranian or
Somali background.

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Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe

Into the Mainstream?

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

Routledge

ISBN:

9781138914988

Jaar:

2016

Taal:

Aantal blz:

336

Soort Uitgave:

Elga Sikkens, Marion van San, Micha de Winter, Nationaal Coördinator Terrorismebestrijding en Veiligheid, Stijn Sieckelinck

Beschrijving:

Radical right-wing populist parties, such as Geert Wilders’ Party for Freedom, Marine Le Pen’s National Front or Nigel Farage’s UKIP, are becoming increasingly influential in Western European democracies. Their electoral support is growing, their impact on policy-making is substantial, and in recent years several radical right-wing populist parties have assumed office or supported minority governments.

Are these developments the cause and/or consequence of the mainstreaming of radical right-wing populist parties? Have radical right-wing populist parties expanded their issue profiles, moderated their policy positions, toned down their anti-establishment rhetoric and shed their extreme right reputations to attract more voters and/or become coalition partners? This timely book answers these questions on the basis of both comparative research and a wide range of case studies, covering Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Analysing the extent to which radical right-wing populist parties have become part of mainstream politics, as well as the factors and conditions which facilitate this trend, this book is essential reading for students and scholars working in European politics, in addition to anyone interested in party politics and current affairs more generally.

Formers & families

Transitional journeys in and out of extremisms in the United Kingdom, Denmark and The Netherlands

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2015

Taal:

Aantal blz:

104

Soort Uitgave:

Isabel Hoving, Philomena Essed

Beschrijving:

Dit rapport bevat een drietal studies naar de hiervoor genoemde vraagstelling, uitgevoerd door Nederlandse, Deense en Britse onderzoekers. De drie onderzoeksgroepen kozen elk een eigen accent. Het Nederlandse rapport focust vooral op de interacties tussen ouders en kinderen, het Deense rapport zoomt in op de ontwikkeling van jongeren en de manier waarop die wordt beïnvloed door personen en organisaties die de jongeren voor hun ideologie proberen te winnen, terwijl het Britse rapport het radicaliseringsproces situeert tegen de achtergrond van de sociale en politieke context. De interviews maken duidelijk dat er geen lineair pad loopt van bepaalde gezinstypen of opvoedingspraktijken naar radicalisering. In een enkel geval slechts wijzen de geïnterviewden het gezin aan als de belangrijkste bron van radicalisering en deradicalisering. Wat dat laatste betreft: eigen keuze (‘agency’), gevangenisstraf en studie werden daartoe als belangrijkste aanleiding gezien. Het feit dat het gezin door vrijwel niemand als directe oorzaak van radicalisering werd genoemd neemt niet weg dat in veel gesprekken melding werd gemaakt van allerlei problemen die zich in de gezinssfeer afspeelden. In ongeveer twee derde van de gezinnen was sprake van scheiding, een afwezige vader, gebrek aan emotionele steun, psychiatrische problematiek, ziekte of dood; in een aantal gezinnen was sprake van geweld en mishandeling. We concluderen dat dergelijke omstandigheden het radicaliseringsproces op zichzelf niet verklaren, maar daar wel een vruchtbare grond voor kunnen vormen. De woede die jongeren bijvoorbeeld kunnen voelen over de rol die hun (afwezige) vader in de opvoeding speelde –of juist niet speelde- kan hen extra gevoelig maken voor recrutering door extremistische organisaties. Maar het lijkt erop dat er ook altijd andere factoren in het spel moeten zijn, zoals het gevoel van vernedering of teleurstelling in de instituties van de samenleving. Ofschoon elk van de verhalen die in dit project zijn opgetekend uniek is, juist in het complexe samenspel van factoren en omstandigheden, tekenen zich toch een paar routes náár en ván radicalisering af die gemeenschappelijke elementen bevatten. In dit rapport worden deze routes ideaaltypische ‘journey’s’ genoemd, een serie transities die jongeren doorlopen in hun ontwikkeling van kind naar volwassenheid waarbij doorgaans heel wat navigatie-hulp vereist is. Deze journey’s moeten niet gezien worden als vaste patronen waar elke radicale jongere per definitie in past, maar als een poging tot ordening van de complexe werkelijkheid die voor elke jongere weer anders in elkaar zit.

Bijzonderheden: Blz 24 tot 40 is het deel van het rapport dat op Nederland is gericht. Het Nederlandse rapport focust vooral op de interacties tussen ouders en kinderen.

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Dutch Racism

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

Uitgeverij Brill

ISBN:

9789042037588

Jaar:

2014

Taal:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Edited by Philomena Essed and Isabel Hoving

Dutch Racism is the first comprehensive study of its kind. The approach is unique, not comparative but relational, in unraveling the legacy of racism in the Netherlands and the (former) colonies. Authors contribute to identifying the complex ways in which racism operates in and beyond the national borders, shaped by European and global influences, and intersecting with other systems of domination. Contrary to common sense beliefs it appears that old-fashioned biological notions of “race” never disappeared. At the same time the Netherlands echoes, if not leads, a wider European trend, where offensive statements about Muslims are an everyday phenomenon. Dutch Racism challenges readers to question what happens when the moral rejection of racism looses ground.
The volume captures the layered nature of Dutch racism through a plurality of registers, methods, and disciplinary approaches: from sociology and history to literary analysis, art history and psychoanalysis, all different elements competing for relevance, truth value, and explanatory power. This range of voices and visions offers illuminating insights in the two closely related questions that organize this book: what factors contribute to the complexity of Dutch racism? And why is the concept of racism so intensely contested? The volume will speak to audiences across the humanities and social sciences and can be used as textbook in undergraduate as well as graduate courses.

Populist parties in Europe

Auteur:

David Đukanović

Jaar:

2014

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

It is hard to open a newspaper nowadays without being confronted by populism. In relation to the European Parliament elections in May 2014, it is reasonable to write a few words about populist parties in Europe and take a deeper look at their historical backgrounds. The influence of populist parties is growing. They are mobilising the masses who are concerned about the European financial and fiscal crisis, which has created insecurity and doubt about the existing political systems and social organizations. These are usually presented as corrupted and elitist without any sense to listen to the wishes of the common people. The EU is seen as an open window for immigrants who are threatening national cultures and safety. The most important point was balancing the literature; some authors see populists as a threat to democratic states and others describe them as a challenge to the existing political structures and systems. Here, the focus is on relevant, actively participating, populist political parties that are involved in political developments and events in selected countries: France-National Front, Netherlands-Party for Freedom and Socialist Party, United Kingdom-UK Independence Party, Sweden-Sweden Democrats, Finland-The Finns, Denmark-Danish People’s Party and Norway-Progress Party.

Bijzonderheden: About the Netherlands: page 12-15

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European Union Terrorism Situation and Trend Report

Auteur:

Europol

ISBN:

978-92-95078-87-1

Jaar:

2014

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Institute for Strategic Dialogue, Vidhya Ramalingam

Beschrijving:

For the period of 2013 no attacks classified as right-wing terrorism were reported by European Union (EU) Member States. However, a series of terrorist attacks in the UK were motivated by right-wing extremist ideology. Between April and July 2013, a Ukrainian national carried out four terrorist attacks. The offender stabbed to death an elderly Muslim male and detonated three improvised explosive devices (IEDs) at mosques in the West Midlands area. The campaign started within a few days of the individual’s arrival in the UK in April 2013. Subsequent enquiries uncovered no links to other right-wing extremist groups or individuals based in the UK; he arrived in the UK already radicalised.

The Netherlands reported that more and more issues that were traditionally left-wing activist activities have been adopted by right-wing activists. As well as anti-capitalism, anti-globalism and animal rights, right-wing extremists have now also engaged in campaigning against genetically modified food.

Bijzonderheden: Right-wing terrorism: See page 39-41

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Countering Far Right Extremism

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2014

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Political Capital Institute

Beschrijving:

This paper has been prepared by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue as a background briefing for the European Policy Planners’ Network on Countering Polarisation and Radicalisation (PPN). It aims to provide an overview of recent developments in far-right extremism across Europe, highlight case studies of projects seeking to combat this threat, and offer practical lessons learned for policy makers and frontline workers.

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Available On Demand

Demand for Right-Wing Extremism is on the rise in Europe

Auteur:

Uitgever:

Political Capital Institute

Jaar:

2014

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Donald Holbrook, Max Taylor, P. M. Currie

Beschrijving:

In the Netherlands, between 2009 and 2013 prejudice, anti-establishment attitudes and rightwing
value orientation, all increased, but only marginally. We don’t know yet how much PVV can
capitalize on this, as the exit polls suggests worse performance than previously expected.

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Extreme Right Wing Political Violence and Terrorism

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

Continuum Publishing Corporation

ISBN:

9781441151629

Jaar:

2013

Taal:

Aantal blz:

208

Soort Uitgave:

Centre for European Studies, Florian Hartleb, Gerrit Voerman, Karsten Grabow, KAS onrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Paul Lucardie

Beschrijving:

In this collection, senior experts explore all aspects of extreme right wing political violence, from the nature of the threat, processes of engagement, and ideology to the lessons that can be drawn from exiting such engagement. Further, right wing activism and political violence are compared with Jihadi violence and engagement. Also, the European experience is placed within a greater framework, including that of the United States and the Arab Spring.

The book opens with an essay on U.S. far right groups, investigating their origins and processes of recruitment. It then delves into violence against UK Mosques and Islamic centers, the relationship between Ulster loyalism and far right extremism, the Dutch extremist landscape, and the July 2011 Norway attacks. Also discussed are how narratives of violence are built and justified, at what point do individuals join into violence, and how differently states respond to left-wing vs. right-wing extremism.

This comparative work offers a unique look into the very nature of right wing extremism and will be a must-read for anyone studying political violence and terrorism.

Exposing the Demagogues

Right-wing and National Populist Parties in Europe

Auteurs:

ISBN:

978-930632-26-1

Jaar:

2013

Taal:

Aantal blz:

422

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

The European financial and—partly stemming from this—fiscal crisis is the most severe economic crisis to have occurred since the 1920s. As with every crisis of such dimensions, it has created insecurity and doubt about the existing political systems and institutional arrangements. These concerns are being exploited by nationalistic parties and the virulent media, and are solely focused on the national political arena. National selfinterest and prejudices against European neighbours and fellow European citizens are increasing: southern Europeans are portrayed as averse to work and unwilling to reform, northern Europeans as lacking solidarity. Abusive comparisons with Fascism have even been made.

The boost to populist parties and the receptivity of the public to their messages have been facilitated by the current crisis. The magnitude of the electoral gains that populist parties have been able to acquire due to their anti-European slogans and programmes is surprising and worrying. They succeed by delivering apparently straightforward solutions, which are often derived from national interest, to what are actually complex political problems—solutions that have persuasive power amongst a broad audience. This kind of nationalist and anti-European rhetoric endangers not only economic prosperity, but also democracy.

Bijzonderheden: Geert Wilders and the Party for Freedom in the Netherlands: A Political Entrepreneur in the Polder: page 187-203

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Pim Fortuyn The Evolution of a Media Phenomenon

Auteur:

Jasper Muis

ISBN:

978-90-5335-509-1

Jaar:

2012

Taal:

Aantal blz:

207

Soort Uitgave:

Institute for Strategic Dialogue, Matthew Goodwin, Vidhya Ramalingam

Beschrijving:

Issues of immigration and the integration of foreigners have become topics of heated debate in the public and political arena in modern European democracies. According to Koopmans and colleagues (2005: 3) ‘immigration and ethnic relations (…) constitute since the early 1990s the most prominent and controversial fields of political contention in West European polities’. Parallel to this development, support for anti-immigration parties has increased in several Western European countries. Examples are the French National Front, the Austrian Freedom Party and the Flemish Bloc (since 2004 Flemish Interest) in Belgium. The Netherlands is an interesting case in the European context, because the right-wing populist challenge was rather ‘slow in coming’ (Kriesi et al. 2006: 163). A significant electoral performance of the far-right did not take place until 2002 and it had also failed to make any significant impact on the public debate until relatively recently. The Netherlands was therefore for long considered a ‘deviant case’ (Rydgren and Van Holsteyn 2004), just like for example Sweden, as the country met most conditions that according to established theories explain the emergence of far-right parties elsewhere, but these parties still remained relatively unsuccessful.

Bijzonderheden: ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

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The New Radical Right

Violent and non-violent movements in Europe

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

Institute for Strategic Dialogue

Jaar:

2012

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Searchlight Educational Trust

Beschrijving:

The tragic attacks in Norway on 22 July 2011
drew Europe’s gaze to the potential dangers of
the radical right’s growing presence across the
continent, and the increasing legitimisation of
anti-immigration and anti-Islam discourses
within mainstream European politics.
Considered alongside other recent violence in
Germany and Italy, the attacks challenged the
idea that extremism from the right is only a
minor security threat. The pan-European
successes of radical right parties, pervasive harsh
language and violence towards immigrants and
growing transnational networks of right-wing
extremists indicate the increasing need for fresh
analysis and innovative responses on these
issues. There remains, however, a blurred
relationship between violence from the extreme
right and broader trends of Islamophobia and
radical right politics.

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The ‘Counter-Jihad’ movement

The global trend feeding anti-Muslim hatred

Auteurs:

David Williams, Graeme Atkinson, Hope not Hate, Joe Mulhall, Nick Lowles

Uitgever:

Jaar:

2012

Taal:

Aantal blz:

120

Soort Uitgave:

Arun Kundnani, The International Centre for Counter‐Terrorism

Beschrijving:

The report covers the right-wing political parties, who are increasingly using anti-Muslim rhetoric to garner votes. It explores the websites and bloggers who propagate scare stories about Islam. It covers the street gangs, like the English Defence League (EDL), and the like-minded groups they inspire around Europe. It investigates the funders and the foundations which bankroll parts of the movement. Perhaps controversially, it also includes some commentators whose insensible stridency, combined with a degree of credibility within mainstream opinion, help feed the climate of anti-Muslim hatred. Of particular interest, it reveals some inter-connections between the different strands of this movement.

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Blind Spot Security Narratives and Far-Right Violence in Europe

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2012

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst

Beschrijving:

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AIVD Right-wing extremism and the extreme right in the Netherlands

Auteur:

Jaar:

2011

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Chris de Landtsheer, Lieuwe Kalkhoven, Loes Broen

Beschrijving:

The investigation into the extreme
right-wing movement and right-wing
extremist movement in the Netherlands is
the longest running investigation by the
AIVD and its predecessors. In this publication
the AIVD presents the current state of
affairs in the Netherlands based on the
results of that investigation.
The AIVD investigation shows that the
threat of right-wing extremism and the
extreme right to the democratic legal order
in the Netherlands is minimal. The
movement is characterised by a small
following, mutual disagreement and
personal animosity, ideologically different
views and organisational fragmentation.
Nonetheless, the threat attributed to
right-wing extremism and the extreme right
is often much more significant. A gap exists
between the actual threat and the perceived
threat.

Lees verder in de publicatie

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The ‘radicalization’ of political language

a Tsunami over the Netherlands

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2011

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

This article examines the language of the Dutch politician Geert Wilders and his anti-immigrant Party for freedom (PVV) against the yardstick of “extreme right”. Should we consider Wilders who is charged because of hatred against Muslims as a populist or rather an extreme-rightist? The core question of the article is
addressed in a theory section on populism, right-extremism and its (metaphor) style, and an empirical section that tracks the political style and thematic choice of Wilders. The empirical case concerning language use of Geert Wilders includes a metaphor analysis using a metaphor index that is a quantitative view of the
metaphorical power of a text (De Landtsheer 2009).

Bijzonderheden: PAPER TO BE PRESENTED AT THE 6TH ECPR CONFERENCE (REYKJAVIC, ICELAND),

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The new face of digital populism

The rise of populism in Europe can be traced through online behaviour...

Auteurs:

Demos, Jamie Bartlett, Jonathan Birdwell, Mark Littler

ISBN:

978-1-906693-86-2

Jaar:

2011

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Alex Glennie, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, Rob Witte, Sebastien Feve, Vidhya Ramalingam

Beschrijving:

Over the last decade, populist parties have been growing in strength across Western Europe. These parties are defined by their opposition to immigration and concern for protecting national and European culture, sometimes using the language of human rights and freedom. On economic policy, they are often critical of globalisation and the effects of international capitalism on workers’ rights. This is combined with ‘antiestablishment’ rhetoric and language. Often called ‘populist extremist parties’ or ‘the new right’, these parties do not fit easily into the traditional political divides. Their growth over the past decade has been remarkable. Formerly on the political fringes, these parties now command significant political weight in the parliaments of Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Latvia and Slovakia, as well as the European Parliament. In some countries, they are the second or third largest party and are seen as necessary members of many conservative coalition governments.
The growth of these movements is mirrored online. Populist parties are adept at using social media to amplify their message, recruit and organise. Indeed, the online social media following on Facebook and elsewhere for many of these groups often dwarfs their formal membership, consisting of tens of thousands of sympathisers and supporters.

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Preventing and Countering Far-Right Extremism

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

Institute for Strategic Dialogue, Ministry of Justice Sweden

Jaar:

2011

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Britta Schellenberg, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Nora Langenbacher, Ronald Eissens, Suzette Bronkhorst

Beschrijving:

In the public discourse dominating the Netherlands after 1945, anti-Semitism and racism – two of the basic elements of (“classical”) right-wing extremism – have tended to be seen as uncharacteristic of Dutch society.1According to many experts, this is attributed to Dutch experiences in the Second World War, as the Netherlands saw the largest percentage of national Jewish populations in Europe killed, after Poland. A guilt complex related to Dutch behaviour during the War has led to what is often called “the basic consensus” on what is “bad” and “good” in Dutch society.

Bijzonderheden: About the Netherlands on page 31-41

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Is Europe on the “right” path?

Right-wing extremism and right-wing populism in Europe

Auteurs:

ISBN:

978-3-86872-617-6

Jaar:

2011

Taal:

Aantal blz:

348

Soort Uitgave:

David Art, Sarah L de Lange

Beschrijving:

Imagine a pamphlet announcing that the “Muslim Fifth Column is taking over Europe. We will soon be living in Eurabia under sharia law.” Or imagine a pamphlet saying that the “world conspiracy of Jews, this dirty vermin that keeps on returning to pollute our societies, has taken control of the banks and industry again.” In the Netherlands, both pamphlets would provoke public outcry against the authors, since the year is 1989 and we have just stepped out of our time machine to witness the ensuing protest marches and the imminent arrest of the neo-Nazis who distributed these pamphlets. Those were the good old days when the extreme right was small, when mainstream racism and anti-Semitism did not openly exist, and any word or sign of discrimination was immediately attacked by anti-racists, anti-fascist groups and all loyal democrats. In those days, support for the rights of economic immigrants, or guest workers, as they were called back then, was the norm and not the exception. In Western Europe everybody on the left side of the political spectrum had faith in a future of equality and freedom from discrimination, while those on the right who kept silent were branded as racists, or at least apologists. During the 1980s, anti-racist and anti-fascist groups built up considerable popular support, to the extent that anti-racism in the Netherlands became the norm and any dissenting voice was immediately labelled racist or fascist.

Bijzonderheden: Right-wing extremism and populism in the Netherlands: Lessons not learned. Page 123-139

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Fortuyn versus Wilders An Agency-Based Approach to Radical Right Party Building

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2011

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

This article presents an agency-based approach to the success of radical right-wing populist parties. It posits that radical right parties will only experience sustained electoral success when they are built prior to their electoral breakthrough and when they institutionalise rapidly. The process of institutionalisation will progress more quickly when radical right parties have a leader with strong internal leadership qualities and when sufficient attention is paid to the recruitment, training and socialisation of candidates. The argument is illustrated through a comparison between two Dutch radical right parties: the Lijst Pim Fortuyn (LPF) and the Partij Voor de Vrijheid (PVV). The two cases offer a compelling example of learning effects in politics: Geert Wilders (PVV) observed the collapse of the LPF and has avoided making the same mistakes.

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The Government Participation of Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in West European Democracies

Auteur:

Sarah L de Lange

Jaar:

2008

Taal:

Aantal blz:

281

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

Radical right-wing populist parties have incessantly increased their presence in Western Europe since the early-1980s. The number of countries in which radical right-wing populist parties compete in elections has grown, as has the number of countries where these parties manage to pass the electoral threshold and enter parliament. In addition to well-known radical right-wing populist parties like the French National Front (Front National, or FN) or the Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, or FPÖ), the rise of a multitude of lesser known radical right-wing populist parties like the Danish People’s Party (Dansk Folkeparti, or DF), the List Pim Fortuyn (Lijst Pim Fortuyn, or LPF), or New Democracy (Ny Demokrati, ND) has characterized West European politics since the late-1980s. More importantly, the electoral success of these parties has grown exponentially.

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The Extreme Right-Wing Populist Challenge and the transformation of political space in Western Europe

Auteur:

Simon Bornschier

Jaar:

2008

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Joost van Spanje, Wouter van der Brug

Beschrijving:

In the course of the last two decades, right-wing populist parties have gained sizable vote shares in France, Switzerland, and Austria. In the Netherlands, Pim Fortuyn has succeeded in breaking into a party system whose segmentation and “pillarization” once made it an example of stability. Throughout much of the post-war period, Switzerland and Austria had also been marked by a high stability of the party alternatives. In these countries, as well as in Denmark, Norway, Italy, and Belgium, the success of new parties of the right has largely surpassed that of older parties of the extreme right, which seemed to have represented a “normal pathology” resulting from tensions created by rapid change in industrial societies (Scheuch, Klingemann 1967). Certainly, the optimism of the “golden age” of growth after World War II has given way to more gloomy feelings of malaise in the era of unemployment and austerity politics. The enduring success of right-wing populist parties, however, as well as the increasing similarity of their discourse suggest that they are more than a populist outbreak of disenchantment with electoral politics. Rather, it has become apparent that a common potential must underlie their rise.

Bijzonderheden: Paper prepared for the NCCR Workshop on Populism Aarau, 6-7 June 2008

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The Party as Pariah The Exclusion of Anti-Immigration Parties and its Effect on their Ideological Positions

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

West European Politics 30:5

Jaar:

2007

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

American Sociological Association

Beschrijving:

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Right-Wing Parties and anti foreigner sentiment in europe

Auteurs:

Lily Farris, Neil Guppy, Rima Wilkes

Uitgever:

Jaar:

2007

Taal:

Aantal blz:

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Beschrijving:

Our primary aim is to extend and revise SRG’s findings on the association between politics and anti-foreigner sentiment. While their research suggests that the prevalence of ERP support is associated with higher anti-foreign er sentiment, our research shows that this is only the case for those ERPs that promote cultural racism. The more prevalent cultural racism, the more these parties and the ideologies they espouse become part of the normal political landscape (Van Der Brug and Fennema 2003).

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Why Most Anti-Immigrant Parties Failed in Western Europe 1980-2005

Auteur:

Elisabeth Ivarsflaten

Jaar:

2006

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

The extraordinary and highly consequential electoral successes of radical right parties in Western Europe in the last couple of decades are well documented. The evidence on how these parties’ successes are associated with their anti-immigrant appeals invites the conclusion that such appeals are an easy way to electoral success for minor parties willing to exploit this issue. This paper argues that this is not so, since it is nearly impossible for minor parties to make credible appeals to voters on the immigration issue unless they have reputational shields—a legacy that can be used to fend off accusations of racism and extremism. Not many minor parties deciding to run on the anti-immigrant ticket, it turns out, have such reputational shields. This paper presents newly collected evidence to show that six out of seven anti-immigrant parties failed to achieve sustained electoral success in a period when Europe was in an immigration crisis.

Bijzonderheden: This paper was prepared for the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association in Philadelphia.

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The European Radical Right in Comparative-Historical Perspective

Auteur:

David Art

Jaar:

2006

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Marcel Lubbers, Mérove Gijsberts, Peer Scheepers

Beschrijving:

This paper seeks to explain the variation in the success of radical right political parties across ten European political systems over the last several decades. I argue that such parties succeed over the long term only when they both 1) build on pre-existing nationalist organizations and networks and 2) face a permissive rather than repressive political environment. These hypotheses are tested on the cases of Denmark, France, Italy and Sweden. By adding factors such as historical legacies, party organization, and interactions between mainstream parties and far right challengers to the study of radical right parties, we can better understand their divergent trajectories. Ideas about the legitimacy of the radical right also influence the reaction of mainstream challengers to them, and represent a promising topic for future research.

Bijzonderheden: Paper Prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 31-September 3, Philadelphia

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Extreme right-wing voting in Western Europe

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

European Journal of Political Research

Jaar:

2002

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Paul Lucardie, Research Associate Documentation Centre Dutch Political Parties University of Groningen

Beschrijving:

The question as to why extreme right-wing parties have become so popular in some countries of the European Union, whereas in other countries these parties have only enjoyed modest success or even none at all, has often been raised. In the late 1990s, this question grew in significance as differences between Western European countries as to the level of support for extreme right-wing parties have become larger.

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Democrats and other extremists

A comparative Analysis of extremist parties in Germany and the Netherlands

Auteurs:

Jaar:

2001

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Manchester University Press

Beschrijving:

The case studies show that only few parties meet the criteria of the aristotelian definition of political extremism, in the German Federal Republic and the Netherlands at the turn of the century. Socio-economic and cultural extremism seem slightly more common. According to our definition, political extremists strive for a more purely aristocratic, monarchic or democratic regime. As democracy has been sanctified in two world wars, nowadays hardly any party dares to attack it openly.

Bijzonderheden: Paper presented to the Workshop ‘Democracy and the New Extremist Challenge in Europe’ Joint Sessions of the ECPR Grenoble, 6 – 11 April 2001

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The ideology of the extreme right

Auteur:

Cas Mudde

Uitgever:

ISBN:

0 7190 5793 0

Jaar:

2000

Taal:

Aantal blz:

225

Soort Uitgave:

Documentatiecentrum Nederlandse Politieke Partijen

Beschrijving:

With extreme right parties in government in Austria and Italy, and Jean-Marie Le Pen contesting the run-off in the 2002 presidential elections in France, few people will dispute their continuing relevance in the politics of Western Europe. Indeed, ever since the first small electoral successes of parties like the Centrumpartij in the Netherlands or the Front National in France in the early 1980s, the extreme right has been the most discussed group of parties both in and outside of the scholarly community. Thousands of newspaper articles and hundreds of pieces of scholarly work have been devoted to extreme right parties, predominantly describing their history, leaders or electoral successes, as well as proclaiming their danger. Remarkably little serious attention has been devoted to their ideology, however. This aspect of the extreme right has been considered to be known to everyone. The few scholars that did devote attention to the ideology of the contemporary extreme right parties have primarily been concerned with pointing out similarities with the fascist and National Socialist ideologies of the pre-war period. If the similarities were not found, this was often taken as ‘proof ’ that the extreme right hides its (true) ideologies, rather than as a motivation to look in a different direction.

Bijzonderheden: About the Netherlands: page 117- 164

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Right-Wing Extremism in the Netherlands

why it is still a marginal phenomenon

Auteur:

Paul Lucardie

Uitgever:

Jaar:

2000

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Jean Tillie, Meindert Fennema, Wouter van der Brug

Beschrijving:

The Extreme Right has always been weak and fragmented in the Netherlands. It lacked an
ideological tradition as well as a solid social base. A landowning aristocracy no longer played
a significant role in Dutch politics in the nineteenth century – power had shifted to a patrician
bourgeoisie already in the Dutch Republic (1588-1795). Moreover, the Dutch did not have to
deal with a national question that could have given rise to a nationalist movement with
extremist tendencies. It is true, reactionary anti-democratic forces did emerge in the late
nineteenth century, but they were divided between Liberal, Catholic and Calvinist parties.
Only has survived until today, the Reformed State Party (Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij ,
SGP). This party has come to accept democracy in practice, but not in theory. It would like to
replace universal suffrage by ‘organic suffrage’, i.e. give the right to vote only to (male)
heads of households.3 However, it is not a nationalist, racist or xenophobic party.4 Since 1925
it has occupied two or three seats in parliament.

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Anti-immigrant parties in Europe: Ideological or protest vote?

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

European Journal of Political Research

Jaar:

2000

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Beschrijving:

In this article we address the question whether or not the votes for anti-immigrant parties can be considered as protest votes. We define protest votes by the motives underlying electoral choices, building on earlier research done by Tillie (1995) and Van der Eijk & Franklin (1996). That research showed that ideological proximity and party size are the best predictors of party preference. On this basis we designed a typology of motives for party choice and how these motives would manifest themselves empirically. Analyzing the 1994 elections for the European Parliament for seven political systems we show that anti-immigrant parties attract no more protest votes than other parties do, with only one exception: the Dutch Centrumdemocraten.

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Radical-Right and Neo-Fascist Political Parties in Western Europe

Auteur:

Roger Karapin

Jaar:

1998

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave:

Gerrit Voerman, Paul Lucardie

Beschrijving:

Once thought to represent a set of cleavages established in the 1920s, West
European party systems recently have undergone important changes.’ Beginning in
the 1970s, left-libertariane cological parties captureds mall but significant shares of
the vote in many countries and helped to define a new dimension of conflict in many
party systems. More recently, far right-wing parties have gained dramatically, taking
votes from established parties and pressing their issues onto political agendas.
Today the most successful of these parties are the Front National in France and the
Freedom Party in Austria, but Denmark, Norway, Italy, Belgium, Germany, and
Sweden have also seen important challenges by far-right parties. Despite important
differences among them, these parties’ positions put them on what is commonly
understood as the far right of the political spectrum. Much more than established
parties, they favor law and order, tax cuts, and limits on immigration and oppose
policies favored by social democratic parties (social equality, economic regulation)
and by left-libertarian and ecological parties (a multicultural society, women’s
equality, environmental protection).

Lees verder in het document

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The extreme right in the Netherlands

The centrists and their radical rivals

Auteurs:

Uitgever:

Kluwer Academic Publishers

Jaar:

1992

Taal:

Aantal blz:

Soort Uitgave: